28 files changed, 1453 insertions, 679 deletions

diff --git a/crates/hir_def/Cargo.toml b/crates/hir_def/Cargo.toml
index 475d337f3..43324d8d9 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/hir_def/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ doctest = false
 
 [dependencies]
 cov-mark = { version = "1.1", features = ["thread-local"] }
+dashmap = { version = "4.0.2", features = ["raw-api"] }
 log = "0.4.8"
 once_cell = "1.3.1"
 rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/adt.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/adt.rs
index 58e35353b..402fb1d8d 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/adt.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/adt.rs
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use tt::{Delimiter, DelimiterKind, Leaf, Subtree, TokenTree};
 use crate::{
     body::{CfgExpander, LowerCtx},
     db::DefDatabase,
+    intern::Interned,
     item_tree::{AttrOwner, Field, Fields, ItemTree, ModItem, RawVisibilityId},
     src::HasChildSource,
     src::HasSource,
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ pub enum VariantData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct FieldData {
     pub name: Name,
-    pub type_ref: TypeRef,
+    pub type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibility,
 }
 
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@ fn lower_struct(
                     || Either::Left(fd.clone()),
                     || FieldData {
                         name: Name::new_tuple_field(i),
-                        type_ref: TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&ctx, fd.ty()),
+                        type_ref: Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&ctx, fd.ty())),
                         visibility: RawVisibility::from_ast(db, ast.with_value(fd.visibility())),
                     },
                 );
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ fn lower_struct(
                     || Either::Right(fd.clone()),
                     || FieldData {
                         name: fd.name().map(|n| n.as_name()).unwrap_or_else(Name::missing),
-                        type_ref: TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&ctx, fd.ty()),
+                        type_ref: Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&ctx, fd.ty())),
                         visibility: RawVisibility::from_ast(db, ast.with_value(fd.visibility())),
                     },
                 );
@@ -358,7 +359,7 @@ fn lower_field(
 ) -> FieldData {
     FieldData {
         name: field.name.clone(),
-        type_ref: item_tree[field.type_ref].clone(),
+        type_ref: field.type_ref.clone(),
         visibility: item_tree[override_visibility.unwrap_or(field.visibility)].clone(),
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/attr.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/attr.rs
index 52a2bce9b..786fad6e1 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/attr.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/attr.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
 //! A higher level attributes based on TokenTree, with also some shortcuts.
 
-use std::{ops, sync::Arc};
+use std::{
+    convert::{TryFrom, TryInto},
+    ops,
+    sync::Arc,
+};
 
 use base_db::CrateId;
 use cfg::{CfgExpr, CfgOptions};
 use either::Either;
-use hir_expand::{hygiene::Hygiene, name::AsName, AstId, InFile};
+use hir_expand::{hygiene::Hygiene, name::AsName, AstId, AttrId, InFile};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use la_arena::ArenaMap;
 use mbe::ast_to_token_tree;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use syntax::{
     ast::{self, AstNode, AttrsOwner},
-    match_ast, AstToken, SmolStr, SyntaxNode,
+    match_ast, AstPtr, AstToken, SmolStr, SyntaxNode, TextRange, TextSize,
 };
 use tt::Subtree;
 
 use crate::{
     db::DefDatabase,
+    intern::Interned,
     item_tree::{ItemTreeId, ItemTreeNode},
     nameres::ModuleSource,
     path::{ModPath, PathKind},
@@ -93,13 +98,16 @@ impl RawAttrs {
     pub(crate) fn new(owner: &dyn ast::AttrsOwner, hygiene: &Hygiene) -> Self {
         let entries = collect_attrs(owner)
             .enumerate()
-            .flat_map(|(i, attr)| match attr {
-                Either::Left(attr) => Attr::from_src(attr, hygiene, i as u32),
-                Either::Right(comment) => comment.doc_comment().map(|doc| Attr {
-                    index: i as u32,
-                    input: Some(AttrInput::Literal(SmolStr::new(doc))),
-                    path: ModPath::from(hir_expand::name!(doc)),
-                }),
+            .flat_map(|(i, attr)| {
+                let index = AttrId(i as u32);
+                match attr {
+                    Either::Left(attr) => Attr::from_src(attr, hygiene, index),
+                    Either::Right(comment) => comment.doc_comment().map(|doc| Attr {
+                        id: index,
+                        input: Some(AttrInput::Literal(SmolStr::new(doc))),
+                        path: Interned::new(ModPath::from(hir_expand::name!(doc))),
+                    }),
+                }
             })
             .collect::<Arc<_>>();
 
@@ -156,7 +164,7 @@ impl RawAttrs {
                 let cfg = parts.next().unwrap();
                 let cfg = Subtree { delimiter: subtree.delimiter, token_trees: cfg.to_vec() };
                 let cfg = CfgExpr::parse(&cfg);
-                let index = attr.index;
+                let index = attr.id;
                 let attrs = parts.filter(|a| !a.is_empty()).filter_map(|attr| {
                     let tree = Subtree { delimiter: None, token_trees: attr.to_vec() };
                     let attr = ast::Attr::parse(&format!("#[{}]", tree)).ok()?;
@@ -210,12 +218,11 @@ impl Attrs {
         let mut res = ArenaMap::default();
 
         for (id, fld) in src.value.iter() {
-            let attrs = match fld {
-                Either::Left(_tuple) => Attrs::default(),
-                Either::Right(record) => {
-                    RawAttrs::from_attrs_owner(db, src.with_value(record)).filter(db, krate)
-                }
+            let owner: &dyn AttrsOwner = match fld {
+                Either::Left(tuple) => tuple,
+                Either::Right(record) => record,
             };
+            let attrs = RawAttrs::from_attrs_owner(db, src.with_value(owner)).filter(db, krate);
 
             res.insert(id, attrs);
         }
@@ -399,10 +406,14 @@ impl AttrsWithOwner {
                 return AttrSourceMap { attrs };
             }
             AttrDefId::FieldId(id) => {
-                id.parent.child_source(db).map(|source| match &source[id.local_id] {
-                    Either::Left(field) => ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new(field.clone()),
-                    Either::Right(field) => ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new(field.clone()),
-                })
+                let map = db.fields_attrs_source_map(id.parent);
+                let file_id = id.parent.file_id(db);
+                let root = db.parse_or_expand(file_id).unwrap();
+                let owner = match &map[id.local_id] {
+                    Either::Left(it) => ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new(it.to_node(&root)),
+                    Either::Right(it) => ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new(it.to_node(&root)),
+                };
+                InFile::new(file_id, owner)
             }
             AttrDefId::AdtId(adt) => match adt {
                 AdtId::StructId(id) => id.lookup(db).source(db).map(ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new),
@@ -410,10 +421,12 @@ impl AttrsWithOwner {
                 AdtId::EnumId(id) => id.lookup(db).source(db).map(ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new),
             },
             AttrDefId::FunctionId(id) => id.lookup(db).source(db).map(ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new),
-            AttrDefId::EnumVariantId(id) => id
-                .parent
-                .child_source(db)
-                .map(|source| ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new(source[id.local_id].clone())),
+            AttrDefId::EnumVariantId(id) => {
+                let map = db.variants_attrs_source_map(id.parent);
+                let file_id = id.parent.lookup(db).id.file_id();
+                let root = db.parse_or_expand(file_id).unwrap();
+                InFile::new(file_id, ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new(map[id.local_id].to_node(&root)))
+            }
             AttrDefId::StaticId(id) => id.lookup(db).source(db).map(ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new),
             AttrDefId::ConstId(id) => id.lookup(db).source(db).map(ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new),
             AttrDefId::TraitId(id) => id.lookup(db).source(db).map(ast::AttrsOwnerNode::new),
@@ -451,6 +464,55 @@ impl AttrsWithOwner {
                 .collect(),
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn docs_with_rangemap(
+        &self,
+        db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+    ) -> Option<(Documentation, DocsRangeMap)> {
+        // FIXME: code duplication in `docs` above
+        let docs = self.by_key("doc").attrs().flat_map(|attr| match attr.input.as_ref()? {
+            AttrInput::Literal(s) => Some((s, attr.id)),
+            AttrInput::TokenTree(_) => None,
+        });
+        let indent = docs
+            .clone()
+            .flat_map(|(s, _)| s.lines())
+            .filter(|line| !line.chars().all(|c| c.is_whitespace()))
+            .map(|line| line.chars().take_while(|c| c.is_whitespace()).count())
+            .min()
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+        let mut buf = String::new();
+        let mut mapping = Vec::new();
+        for (doc, idx) in docs {
+            // str::lines doesn't yield anything for the empty string
+            if !doc.is_empty() {
+                for line in doc.split('\n') {
+                    let line = line.trim_end();
+                    let line_len = line.len();
+                    let (offset, line) = match line.char_indices().nth(indent) {
+                        Some((offset, _)) => (offset, &line[offset..]),
+                        None => (0, line),
+                    };
+                    let buf_offset = buf.len();
+                    buf.push_str(line);
+                    mapping.push((
+                        TextRange::new(buf_offset.try_into().ok()?, buf.len().try_into().ok()?),
+                        idx,
+                        TextRange::new(offset.try_into().ok()?, line_len.try_into().ok()?),
+                    ));
+                    buf.push('\n');
+                }
+            } else {
+                buf.push('\n');
+            }
+        }
+        buf.pop();
+        if buf.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some((Documentation(buf), DocsRangeMap { mapping, source: self.source_map(db).attrs }))
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn inner_attributes(
@@ -501,16 +563,54 @@ impl AttrSourceMap {
     /// the attribute represented by `Attr`.
     pub fn source_of(&self, attr: &Attr) -> InFile<&Either<ast::Attr, ast::Comment>> {
         self.attrs
-            .get(attr.index as usize)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("cannot find `Attr` at index {}", attr.index))
+            .get(attr.id.0 as usize)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("cannot find `Attr` at index {:?}", attr.id))
             .as_ref()
     }
 }
 
+/// A struct to map text ranges from [`Documentation`] back to TextRanges in the syntax tree.
+pub struct DocsRangeMap {
+    source: Vec<InFile<Either<ast::Attr, ast::Comment>>>,
+    // (docstring-line-range, attr_index, attr-string-range)
+    // a mapping from the text range of a line of the [`Documentation`] to the attribute index and
+    // the original (untrimmed) syntax doc line
+    mapping: Vec<(TextRange, AttrId, TextRange)>,
+}
+
+impl DocsRangeMap {
+    pub fn map(&self, range: TextRange) -> Option<InFile<TextRange>> {
+        let found = self.mapping.binary_search_by(|(probe, ..)| probe.ordering(range)).ok()?;
+        let (line_docs_range, idx, original_line_src_range) = self.mapping[found].clone();
+        if !line_docs_range.contains_range(range) {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let relative_range = range - line_docs_range.start();
+
+        let &InFile { file_id, value: ref source } = &self.source[idx.0 as usize];
+        match source {
+            Either::Left(_) => None, // FIXME, figure out a nice way to handle doc attributes here
+            // as well as for whats done in syntax highlight doc injection
+            Either::Right(comment) => {
+                let text_range = comment.syntax().text_range();
+                let range = TextRange::at(
+                    text_range.start()
+                        + TextSize::try_from(comment.prefix().len()).ok()?
+                        + original_line_src_range.start()
+                        + relative_range.start(),
+                    text_range.len().min(range.len()),
+                );
+                Some(InFile { file_id, value: range })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Attr {
-    index: u32,
-    pub(crate) path: ModPath,
+    pub(crate) id: AttrId,
+    pub(crate) path: Interned<ModPath>,
     pub(crate) input: Option<AttrInput>,
 }
 
@@ -523,8 +623,8 @@ pub enum AttrInput {
 }
 
 impl Attr {
-    fn from_src(ast: ast::Attr, hygiene: &Hygiene, index: u32) -> Option<Attr> {
-        let path = ModPath::from_src(ast.path()?, hygiene)?;
+    fn from_src(ast: ast::Attr, hygiene: &Hygiene, id: AttrId) -> Option<Attr> {
+        let path = Interned::new(ModPath::from_src(ast.path()?, hygiene)?);
         let input = if let Some(ast::Expr::Literal(lit)) = ast.expr() {
             let value = match lit.kind() {
                 ast::LiteralKind::String(string) => string.value()?.into(),
@@ -532,11 +632,11 @@ impl Attr {
             };
             Some(AttrInput::Literal(value))
         } else if let Some(tt) = ast.token_tree() {
-            Some(AttrInput::TokenTree(ast_to_token_tree(&tt)?.0))
+            Some(AttrInput::TokenTree(ast_to_token_tree(&tt).0))
         } else {
             None
         };
-        Some(Attr { index, path, input })
+        Some(Attr { id, path, input })
     }
 
     /// Parses this attribute as a `#[derive]`, returns an iterator that yields all contained paths
@@ -651,7 +751,38 @@ fn collect_attrs(
         .chain(inner_docs.into_iter().flatten())
         .map(|docs_text| (docs_text.syntax().text_range().start(), Either::Right(docs_text)));
     // sort here by syntax node offset because the source can have doc attributes and doc strings be interleaved
-    let attrs: Vec<_> = docs.chain(attrs).sorted_by_key(|&(offset, _)| offset).collect();
+    docs.chain(attrs).sorted_by_key(|&(offset, _)| offset).map(|(_, attr)| attr)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn variants_attrs_source_map(
+    db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+    def: EnumId,
+) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalEnumVariantId, AstPtr<ast::Variant>>> {
+    let mut res = ArenaMap::default();
+    let child_source = def.child_source(db);
+
+    for (idx, variant) in child_source.value.iter() {
+        res.insert(idx, AstPtr::new(variant));
+    }
+
+    Arc::new(res)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn fields_attrs_source_map(
+    db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+    def: VariantId,
+) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalFieldId, Either<AstPtr<ast::TupleField>, AstPtr<ast::RecordField>>>> {
+    let mut res = ArenaMap::default();
+    let child_source = def.child_source(db);
+
+    for (idx, variant) in child_source.value.iter() {
+        res.insert(
+            idx,
+            variant
+                .as_ref()
+                .either(|l| Either::Left(AstPtr::new(l)), |r| Either::Right(AstPtr::new(r))),
+        );
+    }
 
-    attrs.into_iter().map(|(_, attr)| attr)
+    Arc::new(res)
 }
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/body.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/body.rs
index 1080d9c2c..96b959967 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/body.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/body.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ pub struct Body {
     /// The `ExprId` of the actual body expression.
     pub body_expr: ExprId,
     /// Block expressions in this body that may contain inner items.
-    pub block_scopes: Vec<BlockId>,
+    block_scopes: Vec<BlockId>,
     _c: Count<Self>,
 }
 
@@ -302,7 +302,8 @@ impl Body {
             }
         };
         let expander = Expander::new(db, file_id, module);
-        let (body, source_map) = Body::new(db, expander, params, body);
+        let (mut body, source_map) = Body::new(db, expander, params, body);
+        body.shrink_to_fit();
         (Arc::new(body), Arc::new(source_map))
     }
 
@@ -310,6 +311,16 @@ impl Body {
         db.body_with_source_map(def).0
     }
 
+    /// Returns an iterator over all block expressions in this body that define inner items.
+    pub fn blocks<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        db: &'a dyn DefDatabase,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (BlockId, Arc<DefMap>)> + '_ {
+        self.block_scopes
+            .iter()
+            .map(move |block| (*block, db.block_def_map(*block).expect("block ID without DefMap")))
+    }
+
     fn new(
         db: &dyn DefDatabase,
         expander: Expander,
@@ -318,6 +329,15 @@ impl Body {
     ) -> (Body, BodySourceMap) {
         lower::lower(db, expander, params, body)
     }
+
+    fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
+        let Self { _c: _, body_expr: _, block_scopes, exprs, labels, params, pats } = self;
+        block_scopes.shrink_to_fit();
+        exprs.shrink_to_fit();
+        labels.shrink_to_fit();
+        params.shrink_to_fit();
+        pats.shrink_to_fit();
+    }
 }
 
 impl Index<ExprId> for Body {
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/body/lower.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/body/lower.rs
index 229e81dd4..c0b0b7841 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/body/lower.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/body/lower.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use crate::{
         LabelId, Literal, LogicOp, MatchArm, Ordering, Pat, PatId, RecordFieldPat, RecordLitField,
         Statement,
     },
+    intern::Interned,
     item_scope::BuiltinShadowMode,
     path::{GenericArgs, Path},
     type_ref::{Mutability, Rawness, TypeRef},
@@ -322,8 +323,10 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                     Vec::new()
                 };
                 let method_name = e.name_ref().map(|nr| nr.as_name()).unwrap_or_else(Name::missing);
-                let generic_args =
-                    e.generic_arg_list().and_then(|it| GenericArgs::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it));
+                let generic_args = e
+                    .generic_arg_list()
+                    .and_then(|it| GenericArgs::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it))
+                    .map(Box::new);
                 self.alloc_expr(
                     Expr::MethodCall { receiver, method_name, args, generic_args },
                     syntax_ptr,
@@ -385,7 +388,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                 self.alloc_expr(Expr::Yield { expr }, syntax_ptr)
             }
             ast::Expr::RecordExpr(e) => {
-                let path = e.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path));
+                let path = e.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path)).map(Box::new);
                 let record_lit = if let Some(nfl) = e.record_expr_field_list() {
                     let fields = nfl
                         .fields()
@@ -430,7 +433,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
             }
             ast::Expr::CastExpr(e) => {
                 let expr = self.collect_expr_opt(e.expr());
-                let type_ref = TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&self.ctx(), e.ty());
+                let type_ref = Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&self.ctx(), e.ty()));
                 self.alloc_expr(Expr::Cast { expr, type_ref }, syntax_ptr)
             }
             ast::Expr::RefExpr(e) => {
@@ -464,13 +467,16 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                 if let Some(pl) = e.param_list() {
                     for param in pl.params() {
                         let pat = self.collect_pat_opt(param.pat());
-                        let type_ref = param.ty().map(|it| TypeRef::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it));
+                        let type_ref =
+                            param.ty().map(|it| Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it)));
                         args.push(pat);
                         arg_types.push(type_ref);
                     }
                 }
-                let ret_type =
-                    e.ret_type().and_then(|r| r.ty()).map(|it| TypeRef::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it));
+                let ret_type = e
+                    .ret_type()
+                    .and_then(|r| r.ty())
+                    .map(|it| Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it)));
                 let body = self.collect_expr_opt(e.body());
                 self.alloc_expr(Expr::Lambda { args, arg_types, ret_type, body }, syntax_ptr)
             }
@@ -525,8 +531,9 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                 }
             }
             ast::Expr::MacroCall(e) => {
+                let macro_ptr = AstPtr::new(&e);
                 let mut ids = vec![];
-                self.collect_macro_call(e, syntax_ptr.clone(), true, |this, expansion| {
+                self.collect_macro_call(e, macro_ptr, true, |this, expansion| {
                     ids.push(match expansion {
                         Some(it) => this.collect_expr(it),
                         None => this.alloc_expr(Expr::Missing, syntax_ptr.clone()),
@@ -549,7 +556,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
     fn collect_macro_call<F: FnMut(&mut Self, Option<T>), T: ast::AstNode>(
         &mut self,
         e: ast::MacroCall,
-        syntax_ptr: AstPtr<ast::Expr>,
+        syntax_ptr: AstPtr<ast::MacroCall>,
         is_error_recoverable: bool,
         mut collector: F,
     ) {
@@ -561,9 +568,13 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
 
         let res = match res {
             Ok(res) => res,
-            Err(UnresolvedMacro) => {
+            Err(UnresolvedMacro { path }) => {
                 self.source_map.diagnostics.push(BodyDiagnostic::UnresolvedMacroCall(
-                    UnresolvedMacroCall { file: outer_file, node: syntax_ptr.cast().unwrap() },
+                    UnresolvedMacroCall {
+                        file: outer_file,
+                        node: syntax_ptr.cast().unwrap(),
+                        path,
+                    },
                 ));
                 collector(self, None);
                 return;
@@ -625,7 +636,8 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                     return;
                 }
                 let pat = self.collect_pat_opt(stmt.pat());
-                let type_ref = stmt.ty().map(|it| TypeRef::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it));
+                let type_ref =
+                    stmt.ty().map(|it| Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast(&self.ctx(), it)));
                 let initializer = stmt.initializer().map(|e| self.collect_expr(e));
                 self.statements_in_scope.push(Statement::Let { pat, type_ref, initializer });
             }
@@ -636,10 +648,14 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
 
                 // Note that macro could be expended to multiple statements
                 if let Some(ast::Expr::MacroCall(m)) = stmt.expr() {
+                    let macro_ptr = AstPtr::new(&m);
                     let syntax_ptr = AstPtr::new(&stmt.expr().unwrap());
 
-                    self.collect_macro_call(m, syntax_ptr.clone(), false, |this, expansion| {
-                        match expansion {
+                    self.collect_macro_call(
+                        m,
+                        macro_ptr,
+                        false,
+                        |this, expansion| match expansion {
                             Some(expansion) => {
                                 let statements: ast::MacroStmts = expansion;
 
@@ -653,8 +669,8 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                                 let expr = this.alloc_expr(Expr::Missing, syntax_ptr.clone());
                                 this.statements_in_scope.push(Statement::Expr(expr));
                             }
-                        }
-                    });
+                        },
+                    );
                 } else {
                     let expr = self.collect_expr_opt(stmt.expr());
                     self.statements_in_scope.push(Statement::Expr(expr));
@@ -673,12 +689,14 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
         let block_loc =
             BlockLoc { ast_id, module: self.expander.def_map.module_id(self.expander.module) };
         let block_id = self.db.intern_block(block_loc);
-        self.body.block_scopes.push(block_id);
 
-        let opt_def_map = self.db.block_def_map(block_id);
-        let has_def_map = opt_def_map.is_some();
-        let def_map = opt_def_map.unwrap_or_else(|| self.expander.def_map.clone());
-        let module = if has_def_map { def_map.root() } else { self.expander.module };
+        let (module, def_map) = match self.db.block_def_map(block_id) {
+            Some(def_map) => {
+                self.body.block_scopes.push(block_id);
+                (def_map.root(), def_map)
+            }
+            None => (self.expander.module, self.expander.def_map.clone()),
+        };
         let prev_def_map = mem::replace(&mut self.expander.def_map, def_map);
         let prev_local_module = mem::replace(&mut self.expander.module, module);
         let prev_statements = std::mem::take(&mut self.statements_in_scope);
@@ -753,7 +771,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                 }
             }
             ast::Pat::TupleStructPat(p) => {
-                let path = p.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path));
+                let path = p.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path)).map(Box::new);
                 let (args, ellipsis) = self.collect_tuple_pat(p.fields());
                 Pat::TupleStruct { path, args, ellipsis }
             }
@@ -763,7 +781,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                 Pat::Ref { pat, mutability }
             }
             ast::Pat::PathPat(p) => {
-                let path = p.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path));
+                let path = p.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path)).map(Box::new);
                 path.map(Pat::Path).unwrap_or(Pat::Missing)
             }
             ast::Pat::OrPat(p) => {
@@ -777,7 +795,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
             }
             ast::Pat::WildcardPat(_) => Pat::Wild,
             ast::Pat::RecordPat(p) => {
-                let path = p.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path));
+                let path = p.path().and_then(|path| self.expander.parse_path(path)).map(Box::new);
                 let args: Vec<_> = p
                     .record_pat_field_list()
                     .expect("every struct should have a field list")
@@ -839,8 +857,23 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                     Pat::Missing
                 }
             }
+            ast::Pat::MacroPat(mac) => match mac.macro_call() {
+                Some(call) => {
+                    let macro_ptr = AstPtr::new(&call);
+                    let mut pat = None;
+                    self.collect_macro_call(call, macro_ptr, true, |this, expanded_pat| {
+                        pat = Some(this.collect_pat_opt(expanded_pat));
+                    });
+
+                    match pat {
+                        Some(pat) => return pat,
+                        None => Pat::Missing,
+                    }
+                }
+                None => Pat::Missing,
+            },
             // FIXME: implement
-            ast::Pat::RangePat(_) | ast::Pat::MacroPat(_) => Pat::Missing,
+            ast::Pat::RangePat(_) => Pat::Missing,
         };
         let ptr = AstPtr::new(&pat);
         self.alloc_pat(pattern, Either::Left(ptr))
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/body/tests.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/body/tests.rs
index faa133297..63f5fe88d 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/body/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/body/tests.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ fn f() {
   //^^^^^^^^^^^^^ could not convert tokens
 
     env!("OUT_DIR");
-  //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `OUT_DIR` not set, enable "load out dirs from check" to fix
+  //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `OUT_DIR` not set, enable "run build scripts" to fix
 
     compile_error!("compile_error works");
   //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ compile_error works
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ fn unresolved_macro_diag() {
         r#"
 fn f() {
     m!();
-  //^^^^ unresolved macro call
+  //^^^^ unresolved macro `m!`
 }
       "#,
     );
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/child_by_source.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/child_by_source.rs
index 2a331dcaf..f2e809ca9 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/child_by_source.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/child_by_source.rs
@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ impl ChildBySource for ModuleId {
 impl ChildBySource for ItemScope {
     fn child_by_source_to(&self, db: &dyn DefDatabase, res: &mut DynMap) {
         self.declarations().for_each(|item| add_module_def(db, res, item));
+        self.unnamed_consts().for_each(|konst| {
+            let src = konst.lookup(db).source(db);
+            res[keys::CONST].insert(src, konst);
+        });
         self.impls().for_each(|imp| add_impl(db, res, imp));
 
         fn add_module_def(db: &dyn DefDatabase, map: &mut DynMap, item: ModuleDefId) {
@@ -160,7 +164,7 @@ impl ChildBySource for EnumId {
 impl ChildBySource for DefWithBodyId {
     fn child_by_source_to(&self, db: &dyn DefDatabase, res: &mut DynMap) {
         let body = db.body(*self);
-        for def_map in body.block_scopes.iter().filter_map(|block| db.block_def_map(*block)) {
+        for (_, def_map) in body.blocks(db) {
             // All block expressions are merged into the same map, because they logically all add
             // inner items to the containing `DefWithBodyId`.
             def_map[def_map.root()].scope.child_by_source_to(db, res);
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/data.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/data.rs
index 0be868ba2..135a6698e 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/data.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/data.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ use crate::{
     attr::Attrs,
     body::Expander,
     db::DefDatabase,
-    item_tree::{AssocItem, FunctionQualifier, ItemTreeId, ModItem, Param},
-    type_ref::{TypeBound, TypeRef},
+    intern::Interned,
+    item_tree::{AssocItem, FnFlags, ItemTreeId, ModItem, Param},
+    type_ref::{TraitRef, TypeBound, TypeRef},
     visibility::RawVisibility,
     AssocContainerId, AssocItemId, ConstId, ConstLoc, FunctionId, FunctionLoc, HasModule, ImplId,
     Intern, Lookup, ModuleId, StaticId, TraitId, TypeAliasId, TypeAliasLoc,
@@ -19,17 +20,12 @@ use crate::{
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct FunctionData {
     pub name: Name,
-    pub params: Vec<TypeRef>,
-    pub ret_type: TypeRef,
+    pub params: Vec<Interned<TypeRef>>,
+    pub ret_type: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub attrs: Attrs,
-    /// True if the first param is `self`. This is relevant to decide whether this
-    /// can be called as a method.
-    pub has_self_param: bool,
-    pub has_body: bool,
-    pub qualifier: FunctionQualifier,
-    pub is_in_extern_block: bool,
-    pub is_varargs: bool,
     pub visibility: RawVisibility,
+    pub abi: Option<Interned<str>>,
+    flags: FnFlags,
 }
 
 impl FunctionData {
@@ -52,31 +48,67 @@ impl FunctionData {
             .next_back()
             .map_or(false, |param| matches!(item_tree[param], Param::Varargs));
 
+        let mut flags = func.flags;
+        if is_varargs {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_VARARGS;
+        }
+
         Arc::new(FunctionData {
             name: func.name.clone(),
             params: enabled_params
                 .clone()
                 .filter_map(|id| match &item_tree[id] {
-                    Param::Normal(ty) => Some(item_tree[*ty].clone()),
+                    Param::Normal(ty) => Some(ty.clone()),
                     Param::Varargs => None,
                 })
                 .collect(),
-            ret_type: item_tree[func.ret_type].clone(),
+            ret_type: func.ret_type.clone(),
             attrs: item_tree.attrs(db, krate, ModItem::from(loc.id.value).into()),
-            has_self_param: func.has_self_param,
-            has_body: func.has_body,
-            qualifier: func.qualifier.clone(),
-            is_in_extern_block: func.is_in_extern_block,
-            is_varargs,
             visibility: item_tree[func.visibility].clone(),
+            abi: func.abi.clone(),
+            flags,
         })
     }
+
+    pub fn has_body(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::HAS_BODY != 0
+    }
+
+    /// True if the first param is `self`. This is relevant to decide whether this
+    /// can be called as a method.
+    pub fn has_self_param(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::HAS_SELF_PARAM != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_default(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::IS_DEFAULT != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_const(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::IS_CONST != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_async(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::IS_ASYNC != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_unsafe(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::IS_UNSAFE != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_in_extern_block(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::IS_IN_EXTERN_BLOCK != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_varargs(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags.bits & FnFlags::IS_VARARGS != 0
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct TypeAliasData {
     pub name: Name,
-    pub type_ref: Option<TypeRef>,
+    pub type_ref: Option<Interned<TypeRef>>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibility,
     pub is_extern: bool,
     /// Bounds restricting the type alias itself (eg. `type Ty: Bound;` in a trait or impl).
@@ -94,7 +126,7 @@ impl TypeAliasData {
 
         Arc::new(TypeAliasData {
             name: typ.name.clone(),
-            type_ref: typ.type_ref.map(|id| item_tree[id].clone()),
+            type_ref: typ.type_ref.clone(),
             visibility: item_tree[typ.visibility].clone(),
             is_extern: typ.is_extern,
             bounds: typ.bounds.to_vec(),
@@ -156,8 +188,8 @@ impl TraitData {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ImplData {
-    pub target_trait: Option<TypeRef>,
-    pub target_type: TypeRef,
+    pub target_trait: Option<Interned<TraitRef>>,
+    pub self_ty: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub items: Vec<AssocItemId>,
     pub is_negative: bool,
 }
@@ -169,8 +201,8 @@ impl ImplData {
 
         let item_tree = impl_loc.id.item_tree(db);
         let impl_def = &item_tree[impl_loc.id.value];
-        let target_trait = impl_def.target_trait.map(|id| item_tree[id].clone());
-        let target_type = item_tree[impl_def.target_type].clone();
+        let target_trait = impl_def.target_trait.clone();
+        let self_ty = impl_def.self_ty.clone();
         let is_negative = impl_def.is_negative;
         let module_id = impl_loc.container;
         let container = AssocContainerId::ImplId(id);
@@ -187,7 +219,7 @@ impl ImplData {
         );
         let items = items.into_iter().map(|(_, item)| item).collect();
 
-        Arc::new(ImplData { target_trait, target_type, items, is_negative })
+        Arc::new(ImplData { target_trait, self_ty, items, is_negative })
     }
 }
 
@@ -195,7 +227,7 @@ impl ImplData {
 pub struct ConstData {
     /// const _: () = ();
     pub name: Option<Name>,
-    pub type_ref: TypeRef,
+    pub type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibility,
 }
 
@@ -207,7 +239,7 @@ impl ConstData {
 
         Arc::new(ConstData {
             name: konst.name.clone(),
-            type_ref: item_tree[konst.type_ref].clone(),
+            type_ref: konst.type_ref.clone(),
             visibility: item_tree[konst.visibility].clone(),
         })
     }
@@ -216,7 +248,7 @@ impl ConstData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct StaticData {
     pub name: Option<Name>,
-    pub type_ref: TypeRef,
+    pub type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibility,
     pub mutable: bool,
     pub is_extern: bool,
@@ -230,7 +262,7 @@ impl StaticData {
 
         Arc::new(StaticData {
             name: Some(statik.name.clone()),
-            type_ref: item_tree[statik.type_ref].clone(),
+            type_ref: statik.type_ref.clone(),
             visibility: item_tree[statik.visibility].clone(),
             mutable: statik.mutable,
             is_extern: statik.is_extern,
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/db.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/db.rs
index 068b2ee38..7eadc8e0d 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/db.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/db.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use base_db::{salsa, CrateId, SourceDatabase, Upcast};
+use either::Either;
 use hir_expand::{db::AstDatabase, HirFileId};
 use la_arena::ArenaMap;
-use syntax::SmolStr;
+use syntax::{ast, AstPtr, SmolStr};
 
 use crate::{
     adt::{EnumData, StructData},
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
     data::{ConstData, FunctionData, ImplData, StaticData, TraitData, TypeAliasData},
     generics::GenericParams,
     import_map::ImportMap,
+    intern::Interned,
     item_tree::ItemTree,
     lang_item::{LangItemTarget, LangItems},
     nameres::DefMap,
@@ -113,7 +115,7 @@ pub trait DefDatabase: InternDatabase + AstDatabase + Upcast<dyn AstDatabase> {
     fn expr_scopes(&self, def: DefWithBodyId) -> Arc<ExprScopes>;
 
     #[salsa::invoke(GenericParams::generic_params_query)]
-    fn generic_params(&self, def: GenericDefId) -> Arc<GenericParams>;
+    fn generic_params(&self, def: GenericDefId) -> Interned<GenericParams>;
 
     #[salsa::invoke(Attrs::variants_attrs_query)]
     fn variants_attrs(&self, def: EnumId) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalEnumVariantId, Attrs>>;
@@ -121,6 +123,18 @@ pub trait DefDatabase: InternDatabase + AstDatabase + Upcast<dyn AstDatabase> {
     #[salsa::invoke(Attrs::fields_attrs_query)]
     fn fields_attrs(&self, def: VariantId) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalFieldId, Attrs>>;
 
+    #[salsa::invoke(crate::attr::variants_attrs_source_map)]
+    fn variants_attrs_source_map(
+        &self,
+        def: EnumId,
+    ) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalEnumVariantId, AstPtr<ast::Variant>>>;
+
+    #[salsa::invoke(crate::attr::fields_attrs_source_map)]
+    fn fields_attrs_source_map(
+        &self,
+        def: VariantId,
+    ) -> Arc<ArenaMap<LocalFieldId, Either<AstPtr<ast::TupleField>, AstPtr<ast::RecordField>>>>;
+
     #[salsa::invoke(AttrsWithOwner::attrs_query)]
     fn attrs(&self, def: AttrDefId) -> AttrsWithOwner;
 
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/diagnostics.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/diagnostics.rs
index 97abf8653..a71ae2668 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use hir_expand::diagnostics::{Diagnostic, DiagnosticCode, DiagnosticSink};
 use hir_expand::{HirFileId, InFile};
 use syntax::{ast, AstPtr, SyntaxNodePtr, TextRange};
 
-use crate::{db::DefDatabase, DefWithBodyId};
+use crate::{db::DefDatabase, path::ModPath, DefWithBodyId};
 
 pub fn validate_body(db: &dyn DefDatabase, owner: DefWithBodyId, sink: &mut DiagnosticSink<'_>) {
     let source_map = db.body_with_source_map(owner).1;
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ impl Diagnostic for UnresolvedImport {
 pub struct UnresolvedMacroCall {
     pub file: HirFileId,
     pub node: AstPtr<ast::MacroCall>,
+    pub path: ModPath,
 }
 
 impl Diagnostic for UnresolvedMacroCall {
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl Diagnostic for UnresolvedMacroCall {
         DiagnosticCode("unresolved-macro-call")
     }
     fn message(&self) -> String {
-        "unresolved macro call".to_string()
+        format!("unresolved macro `{}!`", self.path)
     }
     fn display_source(&self) -> InFile<SyntaxNodePtr> {
         InFile::new(self.file, self.node.clone().into())
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/expr.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/expr.rs
index 6c7376fad..b4ad984bd 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/expr.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/expr.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use syntax::ast::RangeOp;
 
 use crate::{
     builtin_type::{BuiltinFloat, BuiltinInt, BuiltinUint},
+    intern::Interned,
     path::{GenericArgs, Path},
     type_ref::{Mutability, Rawness, TypeRef},
     BlockId,
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ pub enum Expr {
         receiver: ExprId,
         method_name: Name,
         args: Vec<ExprId>,
-        generic_args: Option<GenericArgs>,
+        generic_args: Option<Box<GenericArgs>>,
     },
     Match {
         expr: ExprId,
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ pub enum Expr {
         expr: Option<ExprId>,
     },
     RecordLit {
-        path: Option<Path>,
+        path: Option<Box<Path>>,
         fields: Vec<RecordLitField>,
         spread: Option<ExprId>,
     },
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ pub enum Expr {
     },
     Cast {
         expr: ExprId,
-        type_ref: TypeRef,
+        type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     },
     Ref {
         expr: ExprId,
@@ -161,8 +162,8 @@ pub enum Expr {
     },
     Lambda {
         args: Vec<PatId>,
-        arg_types: Vec<Option<TypeRef>>,
-        ret_type: Option<TypeRef>,
+        arg_types: Vec<Option<Interned<TypeRef>>>,
+        ret_type: Option<Interned<TypeRef>>,
         body: ExprId,
     },
     Tuple {
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ pub struct RecordLitField {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Statement {
-    Let { pat: PatId, type_ref: Option<TypeRef>, initializer: Option<ExprId> },
+    Let { pat: PatId, type_ref: Option<Interned<TypeRef>>, initializer: Option<ExprId> },
     Expr(ExprId),
 }
 
@@ -412,13 +413,13 @@ pub enum Pat {
     Wild,
     Tuple { args: Vec<PatId>, ellipsis: Option<usize> },
     Or(Vec<PatId>),
-    Record { path: Option<Path>, args: Vec<RecordFieldPat>, ellipsis: bool },
+    Record { path: Option<Box<Path>>, args: Vec<RecordFieldPat>, ellipsis: bool },
     Range { start: ExprId, end: ExprId },
     Slice { prefix: Vec<PatId>, slice: Option<PatId>, suffix: Vec<PatId> },
-    Path(Path),
+    Path(Box<Path>),
     Lit(ExprId),
     Bind { mode: BindingAnnotation, name: Name, subpat: Option<PatId> },
-    TupleStruct { path: Option<Path>, args: Vec<PatId>, ellipsis: Option<usize> },
+    TupleStruct { path: Option<Box<Path>>, args: Vec<PatId>, ellipsis: Option<usize> },
     Ref { pat: PatId, mutability: Mutability },
     Box { inner: PatId },
     ConstBlock(ExprId),
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/find_path.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/find_path.rs
index 109d3552f..2c4bbe585 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/find_path.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/find_path.rs
@@ -425,106 +425,142 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn same_module() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            struct S;
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "S", "S", "crate::S", "self::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+struct S;
+$0
+        "#,
+            "S",
+            "S",
+            "crate::S",
+            "self::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn enum_variant() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            enum E { A }
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "E::A", "E::A", "E::A", "E::A");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+enum E { A }
+$0
+        "#,
+            "E::A",
+            "E::A",
+            "E::A",
+            "E::A",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn sub_module() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod foo {
-                pub struct S;
-            }
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "foo::S", "foo::S", "crate::foo::S", "self::foo::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+mod foo {
+    pub struct S;
+}
+$0
+        "#,
+            "foo::S",
+            "foo::S",
+            "crate::foo::S",
+            "self::foo::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn super_module() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod foo;
-            //- /foo.rs
-            mod bar;
-            struct S;
-            //- /foo/bar.rs
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "super::S", "super::S", "crate::foo::S", "super::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+mod foo;
+//- /foo.rs
+mod bar;
+struct S;
+//- /foo/bar.rs
+$0
+        "#,
+            "super::S",
+            "super::S",
+            "crate::foo::S",
+            "super::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn self_module() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod foo;
-            //- /foo.rs
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "self", "self", "crate::foo", "self");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+mod foo;
+//- /foo.rs
+$0
+        "#,
+            "self",
+            "self",
+            "crate::foo",
+            "self",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn crate_root() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod foo;
-            //- /foo.rs
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "crate", "crate", "crate", "crate");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+mod foo;
+//- /foo.rs
+$0
+        "#,
+            "crate",
+            "crate",
+            "crate",
+            "crate",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn same_crate() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod foo;
-            struct S;
-            //- /foo.rs
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "crate::S", "crate::S", "crate::S", "crate::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+mod foo;
+struct S;
+//- /foo.rs
+$0
+        "#,
+            "crate::S",
+            "crate::S",
+            "crate::S",
+            "crate::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn different_crate() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-            $0
-            //- /std.rs crate:std
-            pub struct S;
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "std::S", "std::S", "std::S", "std::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
+$0
+//- /std.rs crate:std
+pub struct S;
+        "#,
+            "std::S",
+            "std::S",
+            "std::S",
+            "std::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn different_crate_renamed() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-            extern crate std as std_renamed;
-            $0
-            //- /std.rs crate:std
-            pub struct S;
-        "#;
         check_found_path(
-            code,
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
+extern crate std as std_renamed;
+$0
+//- /std.rs crate:std
+pub struct S;
+        "#,
             "std_renamed::S",
             "std_renamed::S",
             "std_renamed::S",
@@ -537,41 +573,38 @@ mod tests {
         cov_mark::check!(partially_imported);
         // Tests that short paths are used even for external items, when parts of the path are
         // already in scope.
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:syntax
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:syntax
 
-            use syntax::ast;
-            $0
+use syntax::ast;
+$0
 
-            //- /lib.rs crate:syntax
-            pub mod ast {
-                pub enum ModuleItem {
-                    A, B, C,
-                }
-            }
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(
-            code,
+//- /lib.rs crate:syntax
+pub mod ast {
+    pub enum ModuleItem {
+        A, B, C,
+    }
+}
+        "#,
             "ast::ModuleItem",
             "syntax::ast::ModuleItem",
             "syntax::ast::ModuleItem",
             "syntax::ast::ModuleItem",
         );
 
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:syntax
-
-            $0
-
-            //- /lib.rs crate:syntax
-            pub mod ast {
-                pub enum ModuleItem {
-                    A, B, C,
-                }
-            }
-        "#;
         check_found_path(
-            code,
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:syntax
+$0
+
+//- /lib.rs crate:syntax
+pub mod ast {
+    pub enum ModuleItem {
+        A, B, C,
+    }
+}
+        "#,
             "syntax::ast::ModuleItem",
             "syntax::ast::ModuleItem",
             "syntax::ast::ModuleItem",
@@ -581,68 +614,86 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn same_crate_reexport() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod bar {
-                mod foo { pub(super) struct S; }
-                pub(crate) use foo::*;
-            }
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "bar::S", "bar::S", "crate::bar::S", "self::bar::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+mod bar {
+    mod foo { pub(super) struct S; }
+    pub(crate) use foo::*;
+}
+$0
+        "#,
+            "bar::S",
+            "bar::S",
+            "crate::bar::S",
+            "self::bar::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn same_crate_reexport_rename() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod bar {
-                mod foo { pub(super) struct S; }
-                pub(crate) use foo::S as U;
-            }
-            $0
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "bar::U", "bar::U", "crate::bar::U", "self::bar::U");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+mod bar {
+    mod foo { pub(super) struct S; }
+    pub(crate) use foo::S as U;
+}
+$0
+        "#,
+            "bar::U",
+            "bar::U",
+            "crate::bar::U",
+            "self::bar::U",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn different_crate_reexport() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-            $0
-            //- /std.rs crate:std deps:core
-            pub use core::S;
-            //- /core.rs crate:core
-            pub struct S;
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "std::S", "std::S", "std::S", "std::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
+$0
+//- /std.rs crate:std deps:core
+pub use core::S;
+//- /core.rs crate:core
+pub struct S;
+        "#,
+            "std::S",
+            "std::S",
+            "std::S",
+            "std::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn prelude() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-            $0
-            //- /std.rs crate:std
-            pub mod prelude { pub struct S; }
-            #[prelude_import]
-            pub use prelude::*;
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "S", "S", "S", "S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
+$0
+//- /std.rs crate:std
+pub mod prelude { pub struct S; }
+#[prelude_import]
+pub use prelude::*;
+        "#,
+            "S",
+            "S",
+            "S",
+            "S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn enum_variant_from_prelude() {
         let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-            $0
-            //- /std.rs crate:std
-            pub mod prelude {
-                pub enum Option<T> { Some(T), None }
-                pub use Option::*;
-            }
-            #[prelude_import]
-            pub use prelude::*;
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
+$0
+//- /std.rs crate:std
+pub mod prelude {
+    pub enum Option<T> { Some(T), None }
+    pub use Option::*;
+}
+#[prelude_import]
+pub use prelude::*;
         "#;
         check_found_path(code, "None", "None", "None", "None");
         check_found_path(code, "Some", "Some", "Some", "Some");
@@ -650,71 +701,85 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn shortest_path() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            pub mod foo;
-            pub mod baz;
-            struct S;
-            $0
-            //- /foo.rs
-            pub mod bar { pub struct S; }
-            //- /baz.rs
-            pub use crate::foo::bar::S;
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "baz::S", "baz::S", "crate::baz::S", "self::baz::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+pub mod foo;
+pub mod baz;
+struct S;
+$0
+//- /foo.rs
+pub mod bar { pub struct S; }
+//- /baz.rs
+pub use crate::foo::bar::S;
+        "#,
+            "baz::S",
+            "baz::S",
+            "crate::baz::S",
+            "self::baz::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn discount_private_imports() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            mod foo;
-            pub mod bar { pub struct S; }
-            use bar::S;
-            //- /foo.rs
-            $0
-        "#;
-        // crate::S would be shorter, but using private imports seems wrong
-        check_found_path(code, "crate::bar::S", "crate::bar::S", "crate::bar::S", "crate::bar::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+mod foo;
+pub mod bar { pub struct S; }
+use bar::S;
+//- /foo.rs
+$0
+        "#,
+            // crate::S would be shorter, but using private imports seems wrong
+            "crate::bar::S",
+            "crate::bar::S",
+            "crate::bar::S",
+            "crate::bar::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn import_cycle() {
-        let code = r#"
-            //- /main.rs
-            pub mod foo;
-            pub mod bar;
-            pub mod baz;
-            //- /bar.rs
-            $0
-            //- /foo.rs
-            pub use super::baz;
-            pub struct S;
-            //- /baz.rs
-            pub use super::foo;
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(code, "crate::foo::S", "crate::foo::S", "crate::foo::S", "crate::foo::S");
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs
+pub mod foo;
+pub mod bar;
+pub mod baz;
+//- /bar.rs
+$0
+//- /foo.rs
+pub use super::baz;
+pub struct S;
+//- /baz.rs
+pub use super::foo;
+        "#,
+            "crate::foo::S",
+            "crate::foo::S",
+            "crate::foo::S",
+            "crate::foo::S",
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn prefer_std_paths_over_alloc() {
         cov_mark::check!(prefer_std_paths);
-        let code = r#"
-        //- /main.rs crate:main deps:alloc,std
-        $0
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:alloc,std
+$0
 
-        //- /std.rs crate:std deps:alloc
-        pub mod sync {
-            pub use alloc::sync::Arc;
-        }
+//- /std.rs crate:std deps:alloc
+pub mod sync {
+    pub use alloc::sync::Arc;
+}
 
-        //- /zzz.rs crate:alloc
-        pub mod sync {
-            pub struct Arc;
-        }
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(
-            code,
+//- /zzz.rs crate:alloc
+pub mod sync {
+    pub struct Arc;
+}
+        "#,
             "std::sync::Arc",
             "std::sync::Arc",
             "std::sync::Arc",
@@ -725,26 +790,25 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn prefer_core_paths_over_std() {
         cov_mark::check!(prefer_no_std_paths);
-        let code = r#"
-        //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core,std
-        #![no_std]
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:core,std
+#![no_std]
 
-        $0
+$0
 
-        //- /std.rs crate:std deps:core
+//- /std.rs crate:std deps:core
 
-        pub mod fmt {
-            pub use core::fmt::Error;
-        }
+pub mod fmt {
+    pub use core::fmt::Error;
+}
 
-        //- /zzz.rs crate:core
+//- /zzz.rs crate:core
 
-        pub mod fmt {
-            pub struct Error;
-        }
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(
-            code,
+pub mod fmt {
+    pub struct Error;
+}
+        "#,
             "core::fmt::Error",
             "core::fmt::Error",
             "core::fmt::Error",
@@ -754,26 +818,25 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn prefer_alloc_paths_over_std() {
-        let code = r#"
-        //- /main.rs crate:main deps:alloc,std
-        #![no_std]
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:alloc,std
+#![no_std]
 
-        $0
+$0
 
-        //- /std.rs crate:std deps:alloc
+//- /std.rs crate:std deps:alloc
 
-        pub mod sync {
-            pub use alloc::sync::Arc;
-        }
+pub mod sync {
+    pub use alloc::sync::Arc;
+}
 
-        //- /zzz.rs crate:alloc
+//- /zzz.rs crate:alloc
 
-        pub mod sync {
-            pub struct Arc;
-        }
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(
-            code,
+pub mod sync {
+    pub struct Arc;
+}
+            "#,
             "alloc::sync::Arc",
             "alloc::sync::Arc",
             "alloc::sync::Arc",
@@ -783,20 +846,19 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn prefer_shorter_paths_if_not_alloc() {
-        let code = r#"
-        //- /main.rs crate:main deps:megaalloc,std
-        $0
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+//- /main.rs crate:main deps:megaalloc,std
+$0
 
-        //- /std.rs crate:std deps:megaalloc
-        pub mod sync {
-            pub use megaalloc::sync::Arc;
-        }
+//- /std.rs crate:std deps:megaalloc
+pub mod sync {
+    pub use megaalloc::sync::Arc;
+}
 
-        //- /zzz.rs crate:megaalloc
-        pub struct Arc;
-        "#;
-        check_found_path(
-            code,
+//- /zzz.rs crate:megaalloc
+pub struct Arc;
+            "#,
             "megaalloc::Arc",
             "megaalloc::Arc",
             "megaalloc::Arc",
@@ -807,12 +869,11 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn builtins_are_in_scope() {
         let code = r#"
-        //- /main.rs
-        $0
+$0
 
-        pub mod primitive {
-            pub use u8;
-        }
+pub mod primitive {
+    pub use u8;
+}
         "#;
         check_found_path(code, "u8", "u8", "u8", "u8");
         check_found_path(code, "u16", "u16", "u16", "u16");
@@ -822,10 +883,10 @@ mod tests {
     fn inner_items() {
         check_found_path(
             r#"
-            fn main() {
-                struct Inner {}
-                $0
-            }
+fn main() {
+    struct Inner {}
+    $0
+}
         "#,
             "Inner",
             "Inner",
@@ -838,12 +899,12 @@ mod tests {
     fn inner_items_from_outer_scope() {
         check_found_path(
             r#"
-            fn main() {
-                struct Struct {}
-                {
-                    $0
-                }
-            }
+fn main() {
+    struct Struct {}
+    {
+        $0
+    }
+}
         "#,
             "Struct",
             "Struct",
@@ -857,14 +918,14 @@ mod tests {
         cov_mark::check!(prefixed_in_block_expression);
         check_found_path(
             r#"
-            fn main() {
-                mod module {
-                    struct Struct {}
-                }
-                {
-                    $0
-                }
-            }
+fn main() {
+    mod module {
+        struct Struct {}
+    }
+    {
+        $0
+    }
+}
         "#,
             "module::Struct",
             "module::Struct",
@@ -877,14 +938,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn outer_items_with_inner_items_present() {
         check_found_path(
             r#"
-            mod module {
-                pub struct CompleteMe;
-            }
+mod module {
+    pub struct CompleteMe;
+}
 
-            fn main() {
-                fn inner() {}
-                $0
-            }
+fn main() {
+    fn inner() {}
+    $0
+}
             "#,
             "module::CompleteMe",
             "module::CompleteMe",
@@ -894,6 +955,29 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
+    fn from_inside_module() {
+        // This worked correctly, but the test suite logic was broken.
+        cov_mark::check!(submodule_in_testdb);
+        check_found_path(
+            r#"
+mod baz {
+    pub struct Foo {}
+}
+
+mod bar {
+    fn bar() {
+        $0
+    }
+}
+            "#,
+            "crate::baz::Foo",
+            "crate::baz::Foo",
+            "crate::baz::Foo",
+            "crate::baz::Foo",
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[test]
     fn recursive_pub_mod_reexport() {
         cov_mark::check!(recursive_imports);
         check_found_path(
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/generics.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/generics.rs
index 7c6cbff11..de5acced8 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/generics.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/generics.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 //! structs, impls, traits, etc. This module provides a common HIR for these
 //! generic parameters. See also the `Generics` type and the `generics_of` query
 //! in rustc.
-use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use base_db::FileId;
 use either::Either;
@@ -18,6 +17,7 @@ use crate::{
     child_by_source::ChildBySource,
     db::DefDatabase,
     dyn_map::DynMap,
+    intern::Interned,
     keys,
     src::{HasChildSource, HasSource},
     type_ref::{LifetimeRef, TypeBound, TypeRef},
@@ -26,27 +26,27 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 /// Data about a generic type parameter (to a function, struct, impl, ...).
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub struct TypeParamData {
     pub name: Option<Name>,
-    pub default: Option<TypeRef>,
+    pub default: Option<Interned<TypeRef>>,
     pub provenance: TypeParamProvenance,
 }
 
 /// Data about a generic lifetime parameter (to a function, struct, impl, ...).
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub struct LifetimeParamData {
     pub name: Name,
 }
 
 /// Data about a generic const parameter (to a function, struct, impl, ...).
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub struct ConstParamData {
     pub name: Name,
-    pub ty: TypeRef,
+    pub ty: Interned<TypeRef>,
 }
 
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum TypeParamProvenance {
     TypeParamList,
     TraitSelf,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub enum TypeParamProvenance {
 }
 
 /// Data about the generic parameters of a function, struct, impl, etc.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default, Hash)]
 pub struct GenericParams {
     pub types: Arena<TypeParamData>,
     pub lifetimes: Arena<LifetimeParamData>,
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ pub struct GenericParams {
 /// where clauses like `where T: Foo + Bar` are turned into multiple of these.
 /// It might still result in multiple actual predicates though, because of
 /// associated type bindings like `Iterator<Item = u32>`.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum WherePredicate {
     TypeBound { target: WherePredicateTypeTarget, bound: TypeBound },
     Lifetime { target: LifetimeRef, bound: LifetimeRef },
     ForLifetime { lifetimes: Box<[Name]>, target: WherePredicateTypeTarget, bound: TypeBound },
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
 pub enum WherePredicateTypeTarget {
-    TypeRef(TypeRef),
+    TypeRef(Interned<TypeRef>),
     /// For desugared where predicates that can directly refer to a type param.
     TypeParam(LocalTypeParamId),
 }
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl GenericParams {
     pub(crate) fn generic_params_query(
         db: &dyn DefDatabase,
         def: GenericDefId,
-    ) -> Arc<GenericParams> {
+    ) -> Interned<GenericParams> {
         let _p = profile::span("generic_params_query");
 
         let generics = match def {
@@ -99,47 +99,49 @@ impl GenericParams {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
             }
             GenericDefId::AdtId(AdtId::StructId(id)) => {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
             }
             GenericDefId::AdtId(AdtId::EnumId(id)) => {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
             }
             GenericDefId::AdtId(AdtId::UnionId(id)) => {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
             }
             GenericDefId::TraitId(id) => {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
             }
             GenericDefId::TypeAliasId(id) => {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
             }
             GenericDefId::ImplId(id) => {
                 let id = id.lookup(db).id;
                 let tree = id.item_tree(db);
                 let item = &tree[id.value];
-                tree[item.generic_params].clone()
+                item.generic_params.clone()
+            }
+            GenericDefId::EnumVariantId(_) | GenericDefId::ConstId(_) => {
+                Interned::new(GenericParams::default())
             }
-            GenericDefId::EnumVariantId(_) | GenericDefId::ConstId(_) => GenericParams::default(),
         };
-        Arc::new(generics)
+        generics
     }
 
     fn new(db: &dyn DefDatabase, def: GenericDefId) -> (GenericParams, InFile<SourceMap>) {
@@ -217,6 +219,7 @@ impl GenericParams {
             GenericDefId::EnumVariantId(_) | GenericDefId::ConstId(_) => FileId(!0).into(),
         };
 
+        generics.shrink_to_fit();
         (generics, InFile::new(file_id, sm))
     }
 
@@ -256,7 +259,8 @@ impl GenericParams {
         for type_param in params.type_params() {
             let name = type_param.name().map_or_else(Name::missing, |it| it.as_name());
             // FIXME: Use `Path::from_src`
-            let default = type_param.default_type().map(|it| TypeRef::from_ast(lower_ctx, it));
+            let default =
+                type_param.default_type().map(|it| Interned::new(TypeRef::from_ast(lower_ctx, it)));
             let param = TypeParamData {
                 name: Some(name.clone()),
                 default,
@@ -280,7 +284,7 @@ impl GenericParams {
         for const_param in params.const_params() {
             let name = const_param.name().map_or_else(Name::missing, |it| it.as_name());
             let ty = const_param.ty().map_or(TypeRef::Error, |it| TypeRef::from_ast(lower_ctx, it));
-            let param = ConstParamData { name, ty };
+            let param = ConstParamData { name, ty: Interned::new(ty) };
             let param_id = self.consts.alloc(param);
             sm.const_params.insert(param_id, const_param.clone());
         }
@@ -334,11 +338,11 @@ impl GenericParams {
             (Either::Left(type_ref), bound) => match hrtb_lifetimes {
                 Some(hrtb_lifetimes) => WherePredicate::ForLifetime {
                     lifetimes: hrtb_lifetimes.clone(),
-                    target: WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeRef(type_ref),
+                    target: WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeRef(Interned::new(type_ref)),
                     bound,
                 },
                 None => WherePredicate::TypeBound {
-                    target: WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeRef(type_ref),
+                    target: WherePredicateTypeTarget::TypeRef(Interned::new(type_ref)),
                     bound,
                 },
             },
@@ -369,6 +373,14 @@ impl GenericParams {
         });
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
+        let Self { consts, lifetimes, types, where_predicates } = self;
+        consts.shrink_to_fit();
+        lifetimes.shrink_to_fit();
+        types.shrink_to_fit();
+        where_predicates.shrink_to_fit();
+    }
+
     pub fn find_type_by_name(&self, name: &Name) -> Option<LocalTypeParamId> {
         self.types
             .iter()
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/intern.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/intern.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abc304ef0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/intern.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+//! Global `Arc`-based object interning infrastructure.
+//!
+//! Eventually this should probably be replaced with salsa-based interning.
+
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fmt::{self, Debug},
+    hash::{BuildHasherDefault, Hash, Hasher},
+    ops::Deref,
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+
+use dashmap::{lock::RwLockWriteGuard, DashMap, SharedValue};
+use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
+use rustc_hash::FxHasher;
+
+use crate::generics::GenericParams;
+
+type InternMap<T> = DashMap<Arc<T>, (), BuildHasherDefault<FxHasher>>;
+type Guard<T> =
+    RwLockWriteGuard<'static, HashMap<Arc<T>, SharedValue<()>, BuildHasherDefault<FxHasher>>>;
+
+pub struct Interned<T: Internable + ?Sized> {
+    arc: Arc<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable> Interned<T> {
+    pub fn new(obj: T) -> Self {
+        match Interned::lookup(&obj) {
+            Ok(this) => this,
+            Err(shard) => {
+                let arc = Arc::new(obj);
+                Self::alloc(arc, shard)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> Interned<T> {
+    fn lookup(obj: &T) -> Result<Self, Guard<T>> {
+        let storage = T::storage().get();
+        let shard_idx = storage.determine_map(obj);
+        let shard = &storage.shards()[shard_idx];
+        let shard = shard.write();
+
+        // Atomically,
+        // - check if `obj` is already in the map
+        //   - if so, clone its `Arc` and return it
+        //   - if not, box it up, insert it, and return a clone
+        // This needs to be atomic (locking the shard) to avoid races with other thread, which could
+        // insert the same object between us looking it up and inserting it.
+
+        // FIXME: avoid double lookup/hashing by using raw entry API (once stable, or when
+        // hashbrown can be plugged into dashmap)
+        match shard.get_key_value(obj) {
+            Some((arc, _)) => Ok(Self { arc: arc.clone() }),
+            None => Err(shard),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn alloc(arc: Arc<T>, mut shard: Guard<T>) -> Self {
+        let arc2 = arc.clone();
+
+        shard.insert(arc2, SharedValue::new(()));
+
+        Self { arc }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Interned<str> {
+    pub fn new_str(s: &str) -> Self {
+        match Interned::lookup(s) {
+            Ok(this) => this,
+            Err(shard) => {
+                let arc = Arc::<str>::from(s);
+                Self::alloc(arc, shard)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> Drop for Interned<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // When the last `Ref` is dropped, remove the object from the global map.
+        if Arc::strong_count(&self.arc) == 2 {
+            // Only `self` and the global map point to the object.
+
+            self.drop_slow();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> Interned<T> {
+    #[cold]
+    fn drop_slow(&mut self) {
+        let storage = T::storage().get();
+        let shard_idx = storage.determine_map(&self.arc);
+        let shard = &storage.shards()[shard_idx];
+        let mut shard = shard.write();
+
+        // FIXME: avoid double lookup
+        let (arc, _) = shard.get_key_value(&self.arc).expect("interned value removed prematurely");
+
+        if Arc::strong_count(arc) != 2 {
+            // Another thread has interned another copy
+            return;
+        }
+
+        shard.remove(&self.arc);
+
+        // Shrink the backing storage if the shard is less than 50% occupied.
+        if shard.len() * 2 < shard.capacity() {
+            shard.shrink_to_fit();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Compares interned `Ref`s using pointer equality.
+impl<T: Internable> PartialEq for Interned<T> {
+    // NOTE: No `?Sized` because `ptr_eq` doesn't work right with trait objects.
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.arc, &other.arc)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable> Eq for Interned<T> {}
+
+impl PartialEq for Interned<str> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        Arc::ptr_eq(&self.arc, &other.arc)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for Interned<str> {}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> Hash for Interned<T> {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        // NOTE: Cast disposes vtable pointer / slice/str length.
+        state.write_usize(Arc::as_ptr(&self.arc) as *const () as usize)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> AsRef<T> for Interned<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.arc
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> Deref for Interned<T> {
+    type Target = T;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.arc
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> Clone for Interned<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self { arc: self.arc.clone() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Debug + Internable + ?Sized> Debug for Interned<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        (*self.arc).fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct InternStorage<T: ?Sized> {
+    map: OnceCell<InternMap<T>>,
+}
+
+impl<T: ?Sized> InternStorage<T> {
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { map: OnceCell::new() }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Internable + ?Sized> InternStorage<T> {
+    fn get(&self) -> &InternMap<T> {
+        self.map.get_or_init(DashMap::default)
+    }
+}
+
+pub trait Internable: Hash + Eq + 'static {
+    fn storage() -> &'static InternStorage<Self>;
+}
+
+/// Implements `Internable` for a given list of types, making them usable with `Interned`.
+#[macro_export]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+macro_rules! _impl_internable {
+    ( $($t:path),+ $(,)? ) => { $(
+        impl Internable for $t {
+            fn storage() -> &'static InternStorage<Self> {
+                static STORAGE: InternStorage<$t> = InternStorage::new();
+                &STORAGE
+            }
+        }
+    )+ };
+}
+
+pub use crate::_impl_internable as impl_internable;
+
+impl_internable!(
+    crate::type_ref::TypeRef,
+    crate::type_ref::TraitRef,
+    crate::path::ModPath,
+    GenericParams,
+    str,
+);
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/item_scope.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/item_scope.rs
index f3ebe7c72..9014468ea 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/item_scope.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/item_scope.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use stdx::format_to;
 
 use crate::{
-    db::DefDatabase, per_ns::PerNs, visibility::Visibility, AdtId, BuiltinType, ImplId,
+    db::DefDatabase, per_ns::PerNs, visibility::Visibility, AdtId, BuiltinType, ConstId, ImplId,
     LocalModuleId, MacroDefId, ModuleDefId, ModuleId, TraitId,
 };
 
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ pub struct ItemScope {
 
     defs: Vec<ModuleDefId>,
     impls: Vec<ImplId>,
+    unnamed_consts: Vec<ConstId>,
     /// Traits imported via `use Trait as _;`.
     unnamed_trait_imports: FxHashMap<TraitId, Visibility>,
     /// Macros visible in current module in legacy textual scope
@@ -106,6 +107,10 @@ impl ItemScope {
             .map(|(_, v)| v)
     }
 
+    pub fn unnamed_consts(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = ConstId> + '_ {
+        self.unnamed_consts.iter().copied()
+    }
+
     /// Iterate over all module scoped macros
     pub(crate) fn macros<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (&'a Name, MacroDefId)> + 'a {
         self.entries().filter_map(|(name, def)| def.take_macros().map(|macro_| (name, macro_)))
@@ -156,6 +161,10 @@ impl ItemScope {
         self.impls.push(imp)
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn define_unnamed_const(&mut self, konst: ConstId) {
+        self.unnamed_consts.push(konst);
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn define_legacy_macro(&mut self, name: Name, mac: MacroDefId) {
         self.legacy_macros.insert(name, mac);
     }
@@ -285,6 +294,30 @@ impl ItemScope {
             buf.push('\n');
         }
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
+        // Exhaustive match to require handling new fields.
+        let Self {
+            types,
+            values,
+            macros,
+            unresolved,
+            defs,
+            impls,
+            unnamed_consts,
+            unnamed_trait_imports,
+            legacy_macros,
+        } = self;
+        types.shrink_to_fit();
+        values.shrink_to_fit();
+        macros.shrink_to_fit();
+        unresolved.shrink_to_fit();
+        defs.shrink_to_fit();
+        impls.shrink_to_fit();
+        unnamed_consts.shrink_to_fit();
+        unnamed_trait_imports.shrink_to_fit();
+        legacy_macros.shrink_to_fit();
+    }
 }
 
 impl PerNs {
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree.rs
index ca0048b16..94e08f835 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree.rs
@@ -24,14 +24,15 @@ use la_arena::{Arena, Idx, RawIdx};
 use profile::Count;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use syntax::{ast, match_ast, SmolStr, SyntaxKind};
+use syntax::{ast, match_ast, SyntaxKind};
 
 use crate::{
     attr::{Attrs, RawAttrs},
     db::DefDatabase,
     generics::GenericParams,
+    intern::Interned,
     path::{path, AssociatedTypeBinding, GenericArgs, ImportAlias, ModPath, Path, PathKind},
-    type_ref::{Mutability, TypeBound, TypeRef},
+    type_ref::{Mutability, TraitRef, TypeBound, TypeRef},
     visibility::RawVisibility,
 };
 
@@ -57,13 +58,6 @@ impl fmt::Debug for RawVisibilityId {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
-pub struct GenericParamsId(u32);
-
-impl GenericParamsId {
-    pub const EMPTY: Self = GenericParamsId(u32::max_value());
-}
-
 /// The item tree of a source file.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ItemTree {
@@ -105,6 +99,11 @@ impl ItemTree {
                     // items.
                     ctx.lower_macro_stmts(stmts)
                 },
+                ast::Pat(_pat) => {
+                    // FIXME: This occurs because macros in pattern position are treated as inner
+                    // items and expanded during block DefMap computation
+                    return Default::default();
+                },
                 ast::Expr(e) => {
                     // Macros can expand to expressions. We return an empty item tree in this case, but
                     // still need to collect inner items.
@@ -145,8 +144,6 @@ impl ItemTree {
                 macro_rules,
                 macro_defs,
                 vis,
-                generics,
-                type_refs,
                 inner_items,
             } = &mut **data;
 
@@ -170,9 +167,6 @@ impl ItemTree {
             macro_defs.shrink_to_fit();
 
             vis.arena.shrink_to_fit();
-            generics.arena.shrink_to_fit();
-            type_refs.arena.shrink_to_fit();
-            type_refs.map.shrink_to_fit();
 
             inner_items.shrink_to_fit();
         }
@@ -244,58 +238,6 @@ static VIS_PRIV: RawVisibility = RawVisibility::Module(ModPath::from_kind(PathKi
 static VIS_PUB_CRATE: RawVisibility = RawVisibility::Module(ModPath::from_kind(PathKind::Crate));
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
-struct GenericParamsStorage {
-    arena: Arena<GenericParams>,
-}
-
-impl GenericParamsStorage {
-    fn alloc(&mut self, params: GenericParams) -> GenericParamsId {
-        if params.types.is_empty()
-            && params.lifetimes.is_empty()
-            && params.consts.is_empty()
-            && params.where_predicates.is_empty()
-        {
-            return GenericParamsId::EMPTY;
-        }
-
-        GenericParamsId(self.arena.alloc(params).into_raw().into())
-    }
-}
-
-static EMPTY_GENERICS: GenericParams = GenericParams {
-    types: Arena::new(),
-    lifetimes: Arena::new(),
-    consts: Arena::new(),
-    where_predicates: Vec::new(),
-};
-
-/// `TypeRef` interner.
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
-struct TypeRefStorage {
-    arena: Arena<Arc<TypeRef>>,
-    map: FxHashMap<Arc<TypeRef>, Idx<Arc<TypeRef>>>,
-}
-
-impl TypeRefStorage {
-    // Note: We lie about the `Idx<TypeRef>` to hide the interner details.
-
-    fn intern(&mut self, ty: TypeRef) -> Idx<TypeRef> {
-        if let Some(id) = self.map.get(&ty) {
-            return Idx::from_raw(id.into_raw());
-        }
-
-        let ty = Arc::new(ty);
-        let idx = self.arena.alloc(ty.clone());
-        self.map.insert(ty, idx);
-        Idx::from_raw(idx.into_raw())
-    }
-
-    fn lookup(&self, id: Idx<TypeRef>) -> &TypeRef {
-        &self.arena[Idx::from_raw(id.into_raw())]
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 struct ItemTreeData {
     imports: Arena<Import>,
     extern_crates: Arena<ExternCrate>,
@@ -317,8 +259,6 @@ struct ItemTreeData {
     macro_defs: Arena<MacroDef>,
 
     vis: ItemVisibilities,
-    generics: GenericParamsStorage,
-    type_refs: TypeRefStorage,
 
     inner_items: FxHashMap<FileAstId<ast::BlockExpr>, SmallVec<[ModItem; 1]>>,
 }
@@ -537,25 +477,6 @@ impl Index<RawVisibilityId> for ItemTree {
     }
 }
 
-impl Index<GenericParamsId> for ItemTree {
-    type Output = GenericParams;
-
-    fn index(&self, index: GenericParamsId) -> &Self::Output {
-        match index {
-            GenericParamsId::EMPTY => &EMPTY_GENERICS,
-            _ => &self.data().generics.arena[Idx::from_raw(index.0.into())],
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Index<Idx<TypeRef>> for ItemTree {
-    type Output = TypeRef;
-
-    fn index(&self, id: Idx<TypeRef>) -> &Self::Output {
-        self.data().type_refs.lookup(id)
-    }
-}
-
 impl<N: ItemTreeNode> Index<FileItemTreeId<N>> for ItemTree {
     type Output = N;
     fn index(&self, id: FileItemTreeId<N>) -> &N {
@@ -566,7 +487,7 @@ impl<N: ItemTreeNode> Index<FileItemTreeId<N>> for ItemTree {
 /// A desugared `use` import.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Import {
-    pub path: ModPath,
+    pub path: Interned<ModPath>,
     pub alias: Option<ImportAlias>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
     pub is_glob: bool,
@@ -592,38 +513,42 @@ pub struct ExternCrate {
 pub struct Function {
     pub name: Name,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
-    pub has_self_param: bool,
-    pub has_body: bool,
-    pub qualifier: FunctionQualifier,
-    /// Whether the function is located in an `extern` block (*not* whether it is an
-    /// `extern "abi" fn`).
-    pub is_in_extern_block: bool,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
+    pub abi: Option<Interned<str>>,
     pub params: IdRange<Param>,
-    pub ret_type: Idx<TypeRef>,
+    pub ret_type: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Fn>,
+    pub(crate) flags: FnFlags,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Param {
-    Normal(Idx<TypeRef>),
+    Normal(Interned<TypeRef>),
     Varargs,
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct FunctionQualifier {
-    pub is_default: bool,
-    pub is_const: bool,
-    pub is_async: bool,
-    pub is_unsafe: bool,
-    pub abi: Option<SmolStr>,
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Default)]
+pub(crate) struct FnFlags {
+    pub(crate) bits: u8,
+}
+impl FnFlags {
+    pub(crate) const HAS_SELF_PARAM: u8 = 1 << 0;
+    pub(crate) const HAS_BODY: u8 = 1 << 1;
+    pub(crate) const IS_DEFAULT: u8 = 1 << 2;
+    pub(crate) const IS_CONST: u8 = 1 << 3;
+    pub(crate) const IS_ASYNC: u8 = 1 << 4;
+    pub(crate) const IS_UNSAFE: u8 = 1 << 5;
+    /// Whether the function is located in an `extern` block (*not* whether it is an
+    /// `extern "abi" fn`).
+    pub(crate) const IS_IN_EXTERN_BLOCK: u8 = 1 << 6;
+    pub(crate) const IS_VARARGS: u8 = 1 << 7;
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Struct {
     pub name: Name,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
     pub fields: Fields,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Struct>,
     pub kind: StructDefKind,
@@ -643,7 +568,7 @@ pub enum StructDefKind {
 pub struct Union {
     pub name: Name,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
     pub fields: Fields,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Union>,
 }
@@ -652,7 +577,7 @@ pub struct Union {
 pub struct Enum {
     pub name: Name,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
     pub variants: IdRange<Variant>,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Enum>,
 }
@@ -662,7 +587,7 @@ pub struct Const {
     /// const _: () = ();
     pub name: Option<Name>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
-    pub type_ref: Idx<TypeRef>,
+    pub type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Const>,
 }
 
@@ -673,7 +598,7 @@ pub struct Static {
     pub mutable: bool,
     /// Whether the static is in an `extern` block.
     pub is_extern: bool,
-    pub type_ref: Idx<TypeRef>,
+    pub type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Static>,
 }
 
@@ -681,7 +606,7 @@ pub struct Static {
 pub struct Trait {
     pub name: Name,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
     pub is_auto: bool,
     pub is_unsafe: bool,
     pub bounds: Box<[TypeBound]>,
@@ -691,9 +616,9 @@ pub struct Trait {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Impl {
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
-    pub target_trait: Option<Idx<TypeRef>>,
-    pub target_type: Idx<TypeRef>,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
+    pub target_trait: Option<Interned<TraitRef>>,
+    pub self_ty: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub is_negative: bool,
     pub items: Box<[AssocItem]>,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::Impl>,
@@ -705,8 +630,8 @@ pub struct TypeAlias {
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
     /// Bounds on the type alias itself. Only valid in trait declarations, eg. `type Assoc: Copy;`.
     pub bounds: Box<[TypeBound]>,
-    pub generic_params: GenericParamsId,
-    pub type_ref: Option<Idx<TypeRef>>,
+    pub generic_params: Interned<GenericParams>,
+    pub type_ref: Option<Interned<TypeRef>>,
     pub is_extern: bool,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::TypeAlias>,
 }
@@ -731,7 +656,7 @@ pub enum ModKind {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct MacroCall {
     /// Path to the called macro.
-    pub path: ModPath,
+    pub path: Interned<ModPath>,
     pub ast_id: FileAstId<ast::MacroCall>,
 }
 
@@ -896,6 +821,6 @@ pub enum Fields {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Field {
     pub name: Name,
-    pub type_ref: Idx<TypeRef>,
+    pub type_ref: Interned<TypeRef>,
     pub visibility: RawVisibilityId,
 }
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree/lower.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree/lower.rs
index 3f558edd8..45b099cf3 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree/lower.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/item_tree/lower.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use syntax::{
 
 use crate::{
     generics::{GenericParams, TypeParamData, TypeParamProvenance},
-    type_ref::LifetimeRef,
+    type_ref::{LifetimeRef, TraitRef},
 };
 
 use super::*;
@@ -174,6 +174,12 @@ impl Ctx {
         let forced_vis = self.forced_visibility.take();
 
         let mut block_stack = Vec::new();
+
+        // if container itself is block, add it to the stack
+        if let Some(block) = ast::BlockExpr::cast(container.clone()) {
+            block_stack.push(self.source_ast_id_map.ast_id(&block));
+        }
+
         for event in container.preorder().skip(1) {
             match event {
                 WalkEvent::Enter(node) => {
@@ -183,7 +189,7 @@ impl Ctx {
                                 block_stack.push(self.source_ast_id_map.ast_id(&block));
                             },
                             ast::Item(item) => {
-                                // FIXME: This triggers for macro calls in expression position
+                                // FIXME: This triggers for macro calls in expression/pattern/type position
                                 let mod_items = self.lower_mod_item(&item, true);
                                 let current_block = block_stack.last();
                                 if let (Some(mod_items), Some(block)) = (mod_items, current_block) {
@@ -356,7 +362,7 @@ impl Ctx {
                         }
                     }
                 };
-                let ty = self.data().type_refs.intern(self_type);
+                let ty = Interned::new(self_type);
                 let idx = self.data().params.alloc(Param::Normal(ty));
                 self.add_attrs(idx.into(), RawAttrs::new(&self_param, &self.hygiene));
                 has_self_param = true;
@@ -366,7 +372,7 @@ impl Ctx {
                     Some(_) => self.data().params.alloc(Param::Varargs),
                     None => {
                         let type_ref = TypeRef::from_ast_opt(&self.body_ctx, param.ty());
-                        let ty = self.data().type_refs.intern(type_ref);
+                        let ty = Interned::new(type_ref);
                         self.data().params.alloc(Param::Normal(ty))
                     }
                 };
@@ -389,41 +395,51 @@ impl Ctx {
             ret_type
         };
 
-        let ret_type = self.data().type_refs.intern(ret_type);
-
-        let has_body = func.body().is_some();
+        let abi = func.abi().map(|abi| {
+            // FIXME: Abi::abi() -> Option<SyntaxToken>?
+            match abi.syntax().last_token() {
+                Some(tok) if tok.kind() == SyntaxKind::STRING => {
+                    // FIXME: Better way to unescape?
+                    Interned::new_str(tok.text().trim_matches('"'))
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    // `extern` default to be `extern "C"`.
+                    Interned::new_str("C")
+                }
+            }
+        });
 
         let ast_id = self.source_ast_id_map.ast_id(func);
-        let qualifier = FunctionQualifier {
-            is_default: func.default_token().is_some(),
-            is_const: func.const_token().is_some(),
-            is_async: func.async_token().is_some(),
-            is_unsafe: func.unsafe_token().is_some(),
-            abi: func.abi().map(|abi| {
-                // FIXME: Abi::abi() -> Option<SyntaxToken>?
-                match abi.syntax().last_token() {
-                    Some(tok) if tok.kind() == SyntaxKind::STRING => {
-                        // FIXME: Better way to unescape?
-                        tok.text().trim_matches('"').into()
-                    }
-                    _ => {
-                        // `extern` default to be `extern "C"`.
-                        "C".into()
-                    }
-                }
-            }),
-        };
+
+        let mut flags = FnFlags::default();
+        if func.body().is_some() {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::HAS_BODY;
+        }
+        if has_self_param {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::HAS_SELF_PARAM;
+        }
+        if func.default_token().is_some() {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_DEFAULT;
+        }
+        if func.const_token().is_some() {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_CONST;
+        }
+        if func.async_token().is_some() {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_ASYNC;
+        }
+        if func.unsafe_token().is_some() {
+            flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_UNSAFE;
+        }
+
         let mut res = Function {
             name,
             visibility,
-            generic_params: GenericParamsId::EMPTY,
-            has_self_param,
-            has_body,
-            qualifier,
-            is_in_extern_block: false,
+            generic_params: Interned::new(GenericParams::default()),
+            abi,
             params,
-            ret_type,
+            ret_type: Interned::new(ret_type),
             ast_id,
+            flags,
         };
         res.generic_params = self.lower_generic_params(GenericsOwner::Function(&res), func);
 
@@ -536,8 +552,11 @@ impl Ctx {
     fn lower_impl(&mut self, impl_def: &ast::Impl) -> Option<FileItemTreeId<Impl>> {
         let generic_params =
             self.lower_generic_params_and_inner_items(GenericsOwner::Impl, impl_def);
-        let target_trait = impl_def.trait_().map(|tr| self.lower_type_ref(&tr));
-        let target_type = self.lower_type_ref(&impl_def.self_ty()?);
+        // FIXME: If trait lowering fails, due to a non PathType for example, we treat this impl
+        // as if it was an non-trait impl. Ideally we want to create a unique missing ref that only
+        // equals itself.
+        let target_trait = impl_def.trait_().and_then(|tr| self.lower_trait_ref(&tr));
+        let self_ty = self.lower_type_ref(&impl_def.self_ty()?);
         let is_negative = impl_def.excl_token().is_some();
 
         // We cannot use `assoc_items()` here as that does not include macro calls.
@@ -554,7 +573,7 @@ impl Ctx {
             })
             .collect();
         let ast_id = self.source_ast_id_map.ast_id(impl_def);
-        let res = Impl { generic_params, target_trait, target_type, is_negative, items, ast_id };
+        let res = Impl { generic_params, target_trait, self_ty, is_negative, items, ast_id };
         Some(id(self.data().impls.alloc(res)))
     }
 
@@ -570,7 +589,7 @@ impl Ctx {
             &self.hygiene,
             |path, _use_tree, is_glob, alias| {
                 imports.push(id(tree.imports.alloc(Import {
-                    path,
+                    path: Interned::new(path),
                     alias,
                     visibility,
                     is_glob,
@@ -599,7 +618,7 @@ impl Ctx {
     }
 
     fn lower_macro_call(&mut self, m: &ast::MacroCall) -> Option<FileItemTreeId<MacroCall>> {
-        let path = ModPath::from_src(m.path()?, &self.hygiene)?;
+        let path = Interned::new(ModPath::from_src(m.path()?, &self.hygiene)?);
         let ast_id = self.source_ast_id_map.ast_id(m);
         let res = MacroCall { path, ast_id };
         Some(id(self.data().macro_calls.alloc(res)))
@@ -633,8 +652,10 @@ impl Ctx {
                         ast::ExternItem::Fn(ast) => {
                             let func_id = self.lower_function(&ast)?;
                             let func = &mut self.data().functions[func_id.index];
-                            func.qualifier.is_unsafe = is_intrinsic_fn_unsafe(&func.name);
-                            func.is_in_extern_block = true;
+                            if is_intrinsic_fn_unsafe(&func.name) {
+                                func.flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_UNSAFE;
+                            }
+                            func.flags.bits |= FnFlags::IS_IN_EXTERN_BLOCK;
                             func_id.into()
                         }
                         ast::ExternItem::Static(ast) => {
@@ -661,7 +682,7 @@ impl Ctx {
         &mut self,
         owner: GenericsOwner<'_>,
         node: &impl ast::GenericParamsOwner,
-    ) -> GenericParamsId {
+    ) -> Interned<GenericParams> {
         // Generics are part of item headers and may contain inner items we need to collect.
         if let Some(params) = node.generic_param_list() {
             self.collect_inner_items(params.syntax());
@@ -677,7 +698,7 @@ impl Ctx {
         &mut self,
         owner: GenericsOwner<'_>,
         node: &impl ast::GenericParamsOwner,
-    ) -> GenericParamsId {
+    ) -> Interned<GenericParams> {
         let mut sm = &mut Default::default();
         let mut generics = GenericParams::default();
         match owner {
@@ -685,8 +706,7 @@ impl Ctx {
                 generics.fill(&self.body_ctx, sm, node);
                 // lower `impl Trait` in arguments
                 for id in func.params.clone() {
-                    if let Param::Normal(ty) = self.data().params[id] {
-                        let ty = self.data().type_refs.lookup(ty);
+                    if let Param::Normal(ty) = &self.data().params[id] {
                         generics.fill_implicit_impl_trait_args(ty);
                     }
                 }
@@ -719,7 +739,8 @@ impl Ctx {
             }
         }
 
-        self.data().generics.alloc(generics)
+        generics.shrink_to_fit();
+        Interned::new(generics)
     }
 
     fn lower_type_bounds(&mut self, node: &impl ast::TypeBoundsOwner) -> Vec<TypeBound> {
@@ -740,14 +761,20 @@ impl Ctx {
         self.data().vis.alloc(vis)
     }
 
-    fn lower_type_ref(&mut self, type_ref: &ast::Type) -> Idx<TypeRef> {
+    fn lower_trait_ref(&mut self, trait_ref: &ast::Type) -> Option<Interned<TraitRef>> {
+        let trait_ref = TraitRef::from_ast(&self.body_ctx, trait_ref.clone())?;
+        Some(Interned::new(trait_ref))
+    }
+
+    fn lower_type_ref(&mut self, type_ref: &ast::Type) -> Interned<TypeRef> {
         let tyref = TypeRef::from_ast(&self.body_ctx, type_ref.clone());
-        self.data().type_refs.intern(tyref)
+        Interned::new(tyref)
     }
-    fn lower_type_ref_opt(&mut self, type_ref: Option<ast::Type>) -> Idx<TypeRef> {
+
+    fn lower_type_ref_opt(&mut self, type_ref: Option<ast::Type>) -> Interned<TypeRef> {
         match type_ref.map(|ty| self.lower_type_ref(&ty)) {
             Some(it) => it,
-            None => self.data().type_refs.intern(TypeRef::Error),
+            None => Interned::new(TypeRef::Error),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/lib.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/lib.rs
index c9e07de86..000567d99 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/lib.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pub mod dyn_map;
 pub mod keys;
 
 pub mod item_tree;
+pub mod intern;
 
 pub mod adt;
 pub mod data;
@@ -55,15 +56,17 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
 };
 
+use adt::VariantData;
 use base_db::{impl_intern_key, salsa, CrateId};
 use hir_expand::{
     ast_id_map::FileAstId,
     eager::{expand_eager_macro, ErrorEmitted, ErrorSink},
     hygiene::Hygiene,
-    AstId, HirFileId, InFile, MacroCallId, MacroCallKind, MacroDefId, MacroDefKind,
+    AstId, AttrId, HirFileId, InFile, MacroCallId, MacroCallKind, MacroDefId, MacroDefKind,
 };
 use la_arena::Idx;
 use nameres::DefMap;
+use path::ModPath;
 use syntax::ast;
 
 use crate::builtin_type::BuiltinType;
@@ -433,6 +436,16 @@ impl_from!(
     for AttrDefId
 );
 
+impl From<AssocContainerId> for AttrDefId {
+    fn from(acid: AssocContainerId) -> Self {
+        match acid {
+            AssocContainerId::ModuleId(mid) => AttrDefId::ModuleId(mid),
+            AssocContainerId::ImplId(iid) => AttrDefId::ImplId(iid),
+            AssocContainerId::TraitId(tid) => AttrDefId::TraitId(tid),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub enum VariantId {
     EnumVariantId(EnumVariantId),
@@ -441,6 +454,26 @@ pub enum VariantId {
 }
 impl_from!(EnumVariantId, StructId, UnionId for VariantId);
 
+impl VariantId {
+    pub fn variant_data(self, db: &dyn db::DefDatabase) -> Arc<VariantData> {
+        match self {
+            VariantId::StructId(it) => db.struct_data(it).variant_data.clone(),
+            VariantId::UnionId(it) => db.union_data(it).variant_data.clone(),
+            VariantId::EnumVariantId(it) => {
+                db.enum_data(it.parent).variants[it.local_id].variant_data.clone()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn file_id(self, db: &dyn db::DefDatabase) -> HirFileId {
+        match self {
+            VariantId::EnumVariantId(it) => it.parent.lookup(db).id.file_id(),
+            VariantId::StructId(it) => it.lookup(db).id.file_id(),
+            VariantId::UnionId(it) => it.lookup(db).id.file_id(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 trait Intern {
     type ID;
     fn intern(self, db: &dyn db::DefDatabase) -> Self::ID;
@@ -643,7 +676,9 @@ impl<T: ast::AstNode> AstIdWithPath<T> {
     }
 }
 
-pub struct UnresolvedMacro;
+pub struct UnresolvedMacro {
+    pub path: ModPath,
+}
 
 fn macro_call_as_call_id(
     call: &AstIdWithPath<ast::MacroCall>,
@@ -652,7 +687,8 @@ fn macro_call_as_call_id(
     resolver: impl Fn(path::ModPath) -> Option<MacroDefId>,
     error_sink: &mut dyn FnMut(mbe::ExpandError),
 ) -> Result<Result<MacroCallId, ErrorEmitted>, UnresolvedMacro> {
-    let def: MacroDefId = resolver(call.path.clone()).ok_or(UnresolvedMacro)?;
+    let def: MacroDefId =
+        resolver(call.path.clone()).ok_or_else(|| UnresolvedMacro { path: call.path.clone() })?;
 
     let res = if let MacroDefKind::BuiltInEager(..) = def.kind {
         let macro_call = InFile::new(call.ast_id.file_id, call.ast_id.to_node(db.upcast()));
@@ -668,24 +704,36 @@ fn macro_call_as_call_id(
         )
         .map(MacroCallId::from)
     } else {
-        Ok(def.as_lazy_macro(db.upcast(), krate, MacroCallKind::FnLike(call.ast_id)).into())
+        Ok(def
+            .as_lazy_macro(db.upcast(), krate, MacroCallKind::FnLike { ast_id: call.ast_id })
+            .into())
     };
     Ok(res)
 }
 
 fn derive_macro_as_call_id(
     item_attr: &AstIdWithPath<ast::Item>,
+    derive_attr: AttrId,
     db: &dyn db::DefDatabase,
     krate: CrateId,
     resolver: impl Fn(path::ModPath) -> Option<MacroDefId>,
 ) -> Result<MacroCallId, UnresolvedMacro> {
-    let def: MacroDefId = resolver(item_attr.path.clone()).ok_or(UnresolvedMacro)?;
-    let last_segment = item_attr.path.segments().last().ok_or(UnresolvedMacro)?;
+    let def: MacroDefId = resolver(item_attr.path.clone())
+        .ok_or_else(|| UnresolvedMacro { path: item_attr.path.clone() })?;
+    let last_segment = item_attr
+        .path
+        .segments()
+        .last()
+        .ok_or_else(|| UnresolvedMacro { path: item_attr.path.clone() })?;
     let res = def
         .as_lazy_macro(
             db.upcast(),
             krate,
-            MacroCallKind::Derive(item_attr.ast_id, last_segment.to_string()),
+            MacroCallKind::Derive {
+                ast_id: item_attr.ast_id,
+                derive_name: last_segment.to_string(),
+                derive_attr,
+            },
         )
         .into();
     Ok(res)
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres.rs
index 9e8e4e9ec..542f190a1 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres.rs
@@ -409,6 +409,31 @@ impl DefMap {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
+        // Exhaustive match to require handling new fields.
+        let Self {
+            _c: _,
+            exported_proc_macros,
+            extern_prelude,
+            diagnostics,
+            modules,
+            block: _,
+            edition: _,
+            krate: _,
+            prelude: _,
+            root: _,
+        } = self;
+
+        extern_prelude.shrink_to_fit();
+        exported_proc_macros.shrink_to_fit();
+        diagnostics.shrink_to_fit();
+        modules.shrink_to_fit();
+        for (_, module) in modules.iter_mut() {
+            module.children.shrink_to_fit();
+            module.scope.shrink_to_fit();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl ModuleData {
@@ -456,7 +481,7 @@ mod diagnostics {
 
         UnresolvedProcMacro { ast: MacroCallKind },
 
-        UnresolvedMacroCall { ast: AstId<ast::MacroCall> },
+        UnresolvedMacroCall { ast: AstId<ast::MacroCall>, path: ModPath },
 
         MacroError { ast: MacroCallKind, message: String },
     }
@@ -521,8 +546,9 @@ mod diagnostics {
         pub(super) fn unresolved_macro_call(
             container: LocalModuleId,
             ast: AstId<ast::MacroCall>,
+            path: ModPath,
         ) -> Self {
-            Self { in_module: container, kind: DiagnosticKind::UnresolvedMacroCall { ast } }
+            Self { in_module: container, kind: DiagnosticKind::UnresolvedMacroCall { ast, path } }
         }
 
         pub(super) fn add_to(
@@ -588,12 +614,12 @@ mod diagnostics {
                 DiagnosticKind::UnresolvedProcMacro { ast } => {
                     let mut precise_location = None;
                     let (file, ast, name) = match ast {
-                        MacroCallKind::FnLike(ast) => {
-                            let node = ast.to_node(db.upcast());
-                            (ast.file_id, SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)), None)
+                        MacroCallKind::FnLike { ast_id } => {
+                            let node = ast_id.to_node(db.upcast());
+                            (ast_id.file_id, SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)), None)
                         }
-                        MacroCallKind::Derive(ast, name) => {
-                            let node = ast.to_node(db.upcast());
+                        MacroCallKind::Derive { ast_id, derive_name, .. } => {
+                            let node = ast_id.to_node(db.upcast());
 
                             // Compute the precise location of the macro name's token in the derive
                             // list.
@@ -614,7 +640,7 @@ mod diagnostics {
                                     });
                                 for token in tokens {
                                     if token.kind() == SyntaxKind::IDENT
-                                        && token.text() == name.as_str()
+                                        && token.text() == derive_name.as_str()
                                     {
                                         precise_location = Some(token.text_range());
                                         break 'outer;
@@ -623,9 +649,9 @@ mod diagnostics {
                             }
 
                             (
-                                ast.file_id,
+                                ast_id.file_id,
                                 SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)),
-                                Some(name.clone()),
+                                Some(derive_name.clone()),
                             )
                         }
                     };
@@ -637,20 +663,24 @@ mod diagnostics {
                     });
                 }
 
-                DiagnosticKind::UnresolvedMacroCall { ast } => {
+                DiagnosticKind::UnresolvedMacroCall { ast, path } => {
                     let node = ast.to_node(db.upcast());
-                    sink.push(UnresolvedMacroCall { file: ast.file_id, node: AstPtr::new(&node) });
+                    sink.push(UnresolvedMacroCall {
+                        file: ast.file_id,
+                        node: AstPtr::new(&node),
+                        path: path.clone(),
+                    });
                 }
 
                 DiagnosticKind::MacroError { ast, message } => {
                     let (file, ast) = match ast {
-                        MacroCallKind::FnLike(ast) => {
-                            let node = ast.to_node(db.upcast());
-                            (ast.file_id, SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)))
+                        MacroCallKind::FnLike { ast_id, .. } => {
+                            let node = ast_id.to_node(db.upcast());
+                            (ast_id.file_id, SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)))
                         }
-                        MacroCallKind::Derive(ast, _) => {
-                            let node = ast.to_node(db.upcast());
-                            (ast.file_id, SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)))
+                        MacroCallKind::Derive { ast_id, .. } => {
+                            let node = ast_id.to_node(db.upcast());
+                            (ast_id.file_id, SyntaxNodePtr::from(AstPtr::new(&node)))
                         }
                     };
                     sink.push(MacroError { file, node: ast, message: message.clone() });
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/collector.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/collector.rs
index d58135ec9..05ceb1efb 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/collector.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/collector.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use hir_expand::{
     builtin_macro::find_builtin_macro,
     name::{AsName, Name},
     proc_macro::ProcMacroExpander,
-    HirFileId, MacroCallId, MacroCallKind, MacroDefId, MacroDefKind,
+    AttrId, HirFileId, MacroCallId, MacroCallKind, MacroDefId, MacroDefKind,
 };
 use hir_expand::{InFile, MacroCallLoc};
 use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use crate::{
     attr::Attrs,
     db::DefDatabase,
     derive_macro_as_call_id,
+    intern::Interned,
     item_scope::{ImportType, PerNsGlobImports},
     item_tree::{
         self, FileItemTreeId, ItemTree, ItemTreeId, MacroCall, MacroDef, MacroRules, Mod, ModItem,
@@ -54,20 +55,22 @@ pub(super) fn collect_defs(
 ) -> DefMap {
     let crate_graph = db.crate_graph();
 
-    // populate external prelude
-    for dep in &crate_graph[def_map.krate].dependencies {
-        log::debug!("crate dep {:?} -> {:?}", dep.name, dep.crate_id);
-        let dep_def_map = db.crate_def_map(dep.crate_id);
-        def_map
-            .extern_prelude
-            .insert(dep.as_name(), dep_def_map.module_id(dep_def_map.root).into());
-
-        // look for the prelude
-        // If the dependency defines a prelude, we overwrite an already defined
-        // prelude. This is necessary to import the "std" prelude if a crate
-        // depends on both "core" and "std".
-        if dep_def_map.prelude.is_some() {
-            def_map.prelude = dep_def_map.prelude;
+    if block.is_none() {
+        // populate external prelude
+        for dep in &crate_graph[def_map.krate].dependencies {
+            log::debug!("crate dep {:?} -> {:?}", dep.name, dep.crate_id);
+            let dep_def_map = db.crate_def_map(dep.crate_id);
+            def_map
+                .extern_prelude
+                .insert(dep.as_name(), dep_def_map.module_id(dep_def_map.root).into());
+
+            // look for the prelude
+            // If the dependency defines a prelude, we overwrite an already defined
+            // prelude. This is necessary to import the "std" prelude if a crate
+            // depends on both "core" and "std".
+            if dep_def_map.prelude.is_some() {
+                def_map.prelude = dep_def_map.prelude;
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -106,7 +109,9 @@ pub(super) fn collect_defs(
         }
     }
     collector.collect();
-    collector.finish()
+    let mut def_map = collector.finish();
+    def_map.shrink_to_fit();
+    def_map
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -137,7 +142,7 @@ enum ImportSource {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 struct Import {
-    path: ModPath,
+    path: Interned<ModPath>,
     alias: Option<ImportAlias>,
     visibility: RawVisibility,
     is_glob: bool,
@@ -179,7 +184,10 @@ impl Import {
         let attrs = &tree.attrs(db, krate, ModItem::from(id.value).into());
         let visibility = &tree[it.visibility];
         Self {
-            path: ModPath::from_segments(PathKind::Plain, iter::once(it.name.clone())),
+            path: Interned::new(ModPath::from_segments(
+                PathKind::Plain,
+                iter::once(it.name.clone()),
+            )),
             alias: it.alias.clone(),
             visibility: visibility.clone(),
             is_glob: false,
@@ -207,8 +215,8 @@ struct MacroDirective {
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 enum MacroDirectiveKind {
-    FnLike { ast_id: AstIdWithPath<ast::MacroCall>, legacy: Option<MacroCallId> },
-    Derive { ast_id: AstIdWithPath<ast::Item> },
+    FnLike { ast_id: AstIdWithPath<ast::MacroCall> },
+    Derive { ast_id: AstIdWithPath<ast::Item>, derive_attr: AttrId },
 }
 
 struct DefData<'a> {
@@ -470,7 +478,7 @@ impl DefCollector<'_> {
             self.def_map.edition,
         );
 
-        let res = self.def_map.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(&extern_crate.name);
+        let res = self.def_map.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(self.db, &extern_crate.name);
 
         if let Some(ModuleDefId::ModuleId(m)) = res.take_types() {
             cov_mark::hit!(macro_rules_from_other_crates_are_visible_with_macro_use);
@@ -526,6 +534,7 @@ impl DefCollector<'_> {
         log::debug!("resolving import: {:?} ({:?})", import, self.def_map.edition);
         if import.is_extern_crate {
             let res = self.def_map.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(
+                self.db,
                 &import
                     .path
                     .as_ident()
@@ -798,13 +807,7 @@ impl DefCollector<'_> {
         let mut res = ReachedFixedPoint::Yes;
         macros.retain(|directive| {
             match &directive.kind {
-                MacroDirectiveKind::FnLike { ast_id, legacy } => {
-                    if let Some(call_id) = legacy {
-                        res = ReachedFixedPoint::No;
-                        resolved.push((directive.module_id, *call_id, directive.depth));
-                        return false;
-                    }
-
+                MacroDirectiveKind::FnLike { ast_id } => {
                     match macro_call_as_call_id(
                         ast_id,
                         self.db,
@@ -826,19 +829,23 @@ impl DefCollector<'_> {
                             res = ReachedFixedPoint::No;
                             return false;
                         }
-                        Err(UnresolvedMacro) | Ok(Err(_)) => {}
+                        Err(UnresolvedMacro { .. }) | Ok(Err(_)) => {}
                     }
                 }
-                MacroDirectiveKind::Derive { ast_id } => {
-                    match derive_macro_as_call_id(ast_id, self.db, self.def_map.krate, |path| {
-                        self.resolve_derive_macro(directive.module_id, &path)
-                    }) {
+                MacroDirectiveKind::Derive { ast_id, derive_attr } => {
+                    match derive_macro_as_call_id(
+                        ast_id,
+                        *derive_attr,
+                        self.db,
+                        self.def_map.krate,
+                        |path| self.resolve_derive_macro(directive.module_id, &path),
+                    ) {
                         Ok(call_id) => {
-                            resolved.push((directive.module_id, call_id, 0));
+                            resolved.push((directive.module_id, call_id, directive.depth));
                             res = ReachedFixedPoint::No;
                             return false;
                         }
-                        Err(UnresolvedMacro) => (),
+                        Err(UnresolvedMacro { .. }) => (),
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -936,10 +943,11 @@ impl DefCollector<'_> {
                     &mut |_| (),
                 ) {
                     Ok(_) => (),
-                    Err(UnresolvedMacro) => {
+                    Err(UnresolvedMacro { path }) => {
                         self.def_map.diagnostics.push(DefDiagnostic::unresolved_macro_call(
                             directive.module_id,
                             ast_id.ast_id,
+                            path,
                         ));
                     }
                 },
@@ -1161,19 +1169,27 @@ impl ModCollector<'_, '_> {
                 }
                 ModItem::Const(id) => {
                     let it = &self.item_tree[id];
-
-                    if let Some(name) = &it.name {
-                        def = Some(DefData {
-                            id: ConstLoc {
-                                container: module.into(),
-                                id: ItemTreeId::new(self.file_id, id),
-                            }
-                            .intern(self.def_collector.db)
-                            .into(),
-                            name,
-                            visibility: &self.item_tree[it.visibility],
-                            has_constructor: false,
-                        });
+                    let const_id = ConstLoc {
+                        container: module.into(),
+                        id: ItemTreeId::new(self.file_id, id),
+                    }
+                    .intern(self.def_collector.db);
+
+                    match &it.name {
+                        Some(name) => {
+                            def = Some(DefData {
+                                id: const_id.into(),
+                                name,
+                                visibility: &self.item_tree[it.visibility],
+                                has_constructor: false,
+                            });
+                        }
+                        None => {
+                            // const _: T = ...;
+                            self.def_collector.def_map.modules[self.module_id]
+                                .scope
+                                .define_unnamed_const(const_id);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
                 ModItem::Static(id) => {
@@ -1358,7 +1374,7 @@ impl ModCollector<'_, '_> {
                         self.def_collector.unexpanded_macros.push(MacroDirective {
                             module_id: self.module_id,
                             depth: self.macro_depth + 1,
-                            kind: MacroDirectiveKind::Derive { ast_id },
+                            kind: MacroDirectiveKind::Derive { ast_id, derive_attr: derive.id },
                         });
                     }
                 }
@@ -1400,8 +1416,18 @@ impl ModCollector<'_, '_> {
 
         // Case 1: builtin macros
         if attrs.by_key("rustc_builtin_macro").exists() {
+            // `#[rustc_builtin_macro = "builtin_name"]` overrides the `macro_rules!` name.
+            let name;
+            let name = match attrs.by_key("rustc_builtin_macro").string_value() {
+                Some(it) => {
+                    // FIXME: a hacky way to create a Name from string.
+                    name = tt::Ident { text: it.clone(), id: tt::TokenId::unspecified() }.as_name();
+                    &name
+                }
+                None => &mac.name,
+            };
             let krate = self.def_collector.def_map.krate;
-            if let Some(macro_id) = find_builtin_macro(&mac.name, krate, ast_id) {
+            if let Some(macro_id) = find_builtin_macro(name, krate, ast_id) {
                 self.def_collector.define_macro_rules(
                     self.module_id,
                     mac.name.clone(),
@@ -1464,7 +1490,7 @@ impl ModCollector<'_, '_> {
     }
 
     fn collect_macro_call(&mut self, mac: &MacroCall) {
-        let mut ast_id = AstIdWithPath::new(self.file_id, mac.ast_id, mac.path.clone());
+        let mut ast_id = AstIdWithPath::new(self.file_id, mac.ast_id, (*mac.path).clone());
 
         // Case 1: try to resolve in legacy scope and expand macro_rules
         let mut error = None;
@@ -1500,12 +1526,12 @@ impl ModCollector<'_, '_> {
                 // Built-in macro failed eager expansion.
                 self.def_collector.def_map.diagnostics.push(DefDiagnostic::macro_error(
                     self.module_id,
-                    MacroCallKind::FnLike(ast_id.ast_id),
+                    MacroCallKind::FnLike { ast_id: ast_id.ast_id },
                     error.unwrap().to_string(),
                 ));
                 return;
             }
-            Err(UnresolvedMacro) => (),
+            Err(UnresolvedMacro { .. }) => (),
         }
 
         // Case 2: resolve in module scope, expand during name resolution.
@@ -1517,7 +1543,7 @@ impl ModCollector<'_, '_> {
         self.def_collector.unexpanded_macros.push(MacroDirective {
             module_id: self.module_id,
             depth: self.macro_depth + 1,
-            kind: MacroDirectiveKind::FnLike { ast_id, legacy: None },
+            kind: MacroDirectiveKind::FnLike { ast_id },
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/path_resolution.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/path_resolution.rs
index 60471937c..c984148c3 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/path_resolution.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/path_resolution.rs
@@ -60,12 +60,26 @@ impl ResolvePathResult {
 }
 
 impl DefMap {
-    pub(super) fn resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(&self, name: &Name) -> PerNs {
+    pub(super) fn resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(
+        &self,
+        db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+        name: &Name,
+    ) -> PerNs {
         if name == &name!(self) {
             cov_mark::hit!(extern_crate_self_as);
             return PerNs::types(self.module_id(self.root).into(), Visibility::Public);
         }
-        self.extern_prelude
+
+        let arc;
+        let root = match self.block {
+            Some(_) => {
+                arc = self.crate_root(db).def_map(db);
+                &*arc
+            }
+            None => self,
+        };
+
+        root.extern_prelude
             .get(name)
             .map_or(PerNs::none(), |&it| PerNs::types(it, Visibility::Public))
     }
@@ -191,7 +205,7 @@ impl DefMap {
                     None => return ResolvePathResult::empty(ReachedFixedPoint::Yes),
                 };
                 log::debug!("resolving {:?} in crate root (+ extern prelude)", segment);
-                self.resolve_name_in_crate_root_or_extern_prelude(&segment)
+                self.resolve_name_in_crate_root_or_extern_prelude(db, &segment)
             }
             PathKind::Plain => {
                 let (_, segment) = match segments.next() {
@@ -373,7 +387,13 @@ impl DefMap {
             .get_legacy_macro(name)
             .map_or_else(PerNs::none, |m| PerNs::macros(m, Visibility::Public));
         let from_scope = self[module].scope.get(name);
-        let from_builtin = BUILTIN_SCOPE.get(name).copied().unwrap_or_else(PerNs::none);
+        let from_builtin = match self.block {
+            Some(_) => {
+                // Only resolve to builtins in the root `DefMap`.
+                PerNs::none()
+            }
+            None => BUILTIN_SCOPE.get(name).copied().unwrap_or_else(PerNs::none),
+        };
         let from_scope_or_builtin = match shadow {
             BuiltinShadowMode::Module => from_scope.or(from_builtin),
             BuiltinShadowMode::Other => {
@@ -384,24 +404,31 @@ impl DefMap {
                 }
             }
         };
-        // Give precedence to names in outer `DefMap`s over the extern prelude; only check prelude
-        // from the crate DefMap.
-        let from_extern_prelude = match self.block {
-            Some(_) => PerNs::none(),
-            None => self
-                .extern_prelude
-                .get(name)
-                .map_or(PerNs::none(), |&it| PerNs::types(it, Visibility::Public)),
-        };
+        let from_extern_prelude = self
+            .extern_prelude
+            .get(name)
+            .map_or(PerNs::none(), |&it| PerNs::types(it, Visibility::Public));
 
         let from_prelude = self.resolve_in_prelude(db, name);
 
         from_legacy_macro.or(from_scope_or_builtin).or(from_extern_prelude).or(from_prelude)
     }
 
-    fn resolve_name_in_crate_root_or_extern_prelude(&self, name: &Name) -> PerNs {
-        let from_crate_root = self[self.root].scope.get(name);
-        let from_extern_prelude = self.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(name);
+    fn resolve_name_in_crate_root_or_extern_prelude(
+        &self,
+        db: &dyn DefDatabase,
+        name: &Name,
+    ) -> PerNs {
+        let arc;
+        let crate_def_map = match self.block {
+            Some(_) => {
+                arc = self.crate_root(db).def_map(db);
+                &arc
+            }
+            None => self,
+        };
+        let from_crate_root = crate_def_map[crate_def_map.root].scope.get(name);
+        let from_extern_prelude = self.resolve_name_in_extern_prelude(db, name);
 
         from_crate_root.or(from_extern_prelude)
     }
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/tests/diagnostics.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/tests/diagnostics.rs
index a89061c2e..543975e07 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/tests/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/nameres/tests/diagnostics.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ fn check_diagnostics(ra_fixture: &str) {
     db.check_diagnostics();
 }
 
+fn check_no_diagnostics(ra_fixture: &str) {
+    let db: TestDB = TestDB::with_files(ra_fixture);
+    db.check_no_diagnostics();
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn unresolved_import() {
     check_diagnostics(
@@ -165,7 +170,7 @@ fn unresolved_legacy_scope_macro() {
 
           m!();
           m2!();
-        //^^^^^^ unresolved macro call
+        //^^^^^^ unresolved macro `self::m2!`
         "#,
     );
 }
@@ -182,7 +187,7 @@ fn unresolved_module_scope_macro() {
 
           self::m!();
           self::m2!();
-        //^^^^^^^^^^^^ unresolved macro call
+        //^^^^^^^^^^^^ unresolved macro `self::m2!`
         "#,
     );
 }
@@ -202,6 +207,21 @@ fn builtin_macro_fails_expansion() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+fn include_macro_should_allow_empty_content() {
+    check_no_diagnostics(
+        r#"
+        //- /lib.rs
+          #[rustc_builtin_macro]
+          macro_rules! include { () => {} }
+
+          include!("bar.rs");
+        //- /bar.rs
+          // empty
+        "#,
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
 fn good_out_dir_diagnostic() {
     check_diagnostics(
         r#"
@@ -213,7 +233,7 @@ fn good_out_dir_diagnostic() {
         macro_rules! concat { () => {} }
 
         include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/out.rs"));
-      //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `OUT_DIR` not set, enable "load out dirs from check" to fix
+      //^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ `OUT_DIR` not set, enable "run build scripts" to fix
         "#,
     );
 }
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/path.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/path.rs
index 8c923bb7b..b528ff8ba 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/path.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/path.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::{
     sync::Arc,
 };
 
-use crate::{body::LowerCtx, type_ref::LifetimeRef};
+use crate::{body::LowerCtx, intern::Interned, type_ref::LifetimeRef};
 use base_db::CrateId;
 use hir_expand::{
     hygiene::Hygiene,
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub enum ImportAlias {
 
 impl ModPath {
     pub fn from_src(path: ast::Path, hygiene: &Hygiene) -> Option<ModPath> {
-        lower::lower_path(path, hygiene).map(|it| it.mod_path)
+        lower::lower_path(path, hygiene).map(|it| (*it.mod_path).clone())
     }
 
     pub fn from_segments(kind: PathKind, segments: impl IntoIterator<Item = Name>) -> ModPath {
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ impl ModPath {
 pub struct Path {
     /// Type based path like `<T>::foo`.
     /// Note that paths like `<Type as Trait>::foo` are desugard to `Trait::<Self=Type>::foo`.
-    type_anchor: Option<Box<TypeRef>>,
-    mod_path: ModPath,
+    type_anchor: Option<Interned<TypeRef>>,
+    mod_path: Interned<ModPath>,
     /// Invariant: the same len as `self.mod_path.segments`
     generic_args: Vec<Option<Arc<GenericArgs>>>,
 }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl Path {
         path: ModPath,
         generic_args: Vec<Option<Arc<GenericArgs>>>,
     ) -> Path {
-        Path { type_anchor: None, mod_path: path, generic_args }
+        Path { type_anchor: None, mod_path: Interned::new(path), generic_args }
     }
 
     pub fn kind(&self) -> &PathKind {
@@ -204,10 +204,10 @@ impl Path {
         }
         let res = Path {
             type_anchor: self.type_anchor.clone(),
-            mod_path: ModPath::from_segments(
+            mod_path: Interned::new(ModPath::from_segments(
                 self.mod_path.kind.clone(),
                 self.mod_path.segments[..self.mod_path.segments.len() - 1].iter().cloned(),
-            ),
+            )),
             generic_args: self.generic_args[..self.generic_args.len() - 1].to_vec(),
         };
         Some(res)
@@ -283,12 +283,18 @@ impl From<Name> for Path {
     fn from(name: Name) -> Path {
         Path {
             type_anchor: None,
-            mod_path: ModPath::from_segments(PathKind::Plain, iter::once(name)),
+            mod_path: Interned::new(ModPath::from_segments(PathKind::Plain, iter::once(name))),
             generic_args: vec![None],
         }
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Name> for Box<Path> {
+    fn from(name: Name) -> Box<Path> {
+        Box::new(Path::from(name))
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Name> for ModPath {
     fn from(name: Name) -> ModPath {
         ModPath::from_segments(PathKind::Plain, iter::once(name))
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/path/lower.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/path/lower.rs
index 505493a74..7b29d9d4f 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/path/lower.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/path/lower.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 mod lower_use;
 
+use crate::intern::Interned;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use either::Either;
@@ -68,15 +69,17 @@ pub(super) fn lower_path(mut path: ast::Path, hygiene: &Hygiene) -> Option<Path>
                 match trait_ref {
                     // <T>::foo
                     None => {
-                        type_anchor = Some(Box::new(self_type));
+                        type_anchor = Some(Interned::new(self_type));
                         kind = PathKind::Plain;
                     }
                     // <T as Trait<A>>::Foo desugars to Trait<Self=T, A>::Foo
                     Some(trait_ref) => {
                         let path = Path::from_src(trait_ref.path()?, hygiene)?;
-                        kind = path.mod_path.kind;
+                        let mod_path = (*path.mod_path).clone();
+                        let num_segments = path.mod_path.segments.len();
+                        kind = mod_path.kind;
 
-                        let mut prefix_segments = path.mod_path.segments;
+                        let mut prefix_segments = mod_path.segments;
                         prefix_segments.reverse();
                         segments.extend(prefix_segments);
 
@@ -85,7 +88,8 @@ pub(super) fn lower_path(mut path: ast::Path, hygiene: &Hygiene) -> Option<Path>
                         generic_args.extend(prefix_args);
 
                         // Insert the type reference (T in the above example) as Self parameter for the trait
-                        let last_segment = generic_args.last_mut()?;
+                        let last_segment =
+                            generic_args.iter_mut().rev().nth(num_segments.saturating_sub(1))?;
                         if last_segment.is_none() {
                             *last_segment = Some(Arc::new(GenericArgs::empty()));
                         };
@@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ pub(super) fn lower_path(mut path: ast::Path, hygiene: &Hygiene) -> Option<Path>
         }
     }
 
-    let mod_path = ModPath::from_segments(kind, segments);
+    let mod_path = Interned::new(ModPath::from_segments(kind, segments));
     return Some(Path { type_anchor, mod_path, generic_args });
 
     fn qualifier(path: &ast::Path) -> Option<ast::Path> {
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/resolver.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/resolver.rs
index a73585ee7..0391cc49b 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/resolver.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/resolver.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
     db::DefDatabase,
     expr::{ExprId, LabelId, PatId},
     generics::GenericParams,
+    intern::Interned,
     item_scope::{BuiltinShadowMode, BUILTIN_SCOPE},
     nameres::DefMap,
     path::{ModPath, PathKind},
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ enum Scope {
     /// All the items and imported names of a module
     ModuleScope(ModuleItemMap),
     /// Brings the generic parameters of an item into scope
-    GenericParams { def: GenericDefId, params: Arc<GenericParams> },
+    GenericParams { def: GenericDefId, params: Interned<GenericParams> },
     /// Brings `Self` in `impl` block into scope
     ImplDefScope(ImplId),
     /// Brings `Self` in enum, struct and union definitions into scope
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/test_db.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/test_db.rs
index 10977761c..8fa703a57 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/test_db.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/test_db.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@ use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 use syntax::{algo, ast, AstNode, TextRange, TextSize};
 use test_utils::extract_annotations;
 
-use crate::{db::DefDatabase, nameres::DefMap, src::HasSource, Lookup, ModuleDefId, ModuleId};
+use crate::{
+    db::DefDatabase,
+    nameres::{DefMap, ModuleSource},
+    src::HasSource,
+    LocalModuleId, Lookup, ModuleDefId, ModuleId,
+};
 
 #[salsa::database(
     base_db::SourceDatabaseExtStorage,
@@ -87,10 +92,11 @@ impl TestDB {
     pub(crate) fn module_at_position(&self, position: FilePosition) -> ModuleId {
         let file_module = self.module_for_file(position.file_id);
         let mut def_map = file_module.def_map(self);
+        let module = self.mod_at_position(&def_map, position);
 
         def_map = match self.block_at_position(&def_map, position) {
             Some(it) => it,
-            None => return file_module,
+            None => return def_map.module_id(module),
         };
         loop {
             let new_map = self.block_at_position(&def_map, position);
@@ -106,6 +112,47 @@ impl TestDB {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Finds the smallest/innermost module in `def_map` containing `position`.
+    fn mod_at_position(&self, def_map: &DefMap, position: FilePosition) -> LocalModuleId {
+        let mut size = None;
+        let mut res = def_map.root();
+        for (module, data) in def_map.modules() {
+            let src = data.definition_source(self);
+            if src.file_id != position.file_id.into() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let range = match src.value {
+                ModuleSource::SourceFile(it) => it.syntax().text_range(),
+                ModuleSource::Module(it) => it.syntax().text_range(),
+                ModuleSource::BlockExpr(it) => it.syntax().text_range(),
+            };
+
+            if !range.contains(position.offset) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let new_size = match size {
+                None => range.len(),
+                Some(size) => {
+                    if range.len() < size {
+                        range.len()
+                    } else {
+                        size
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            if size != Some(new_size) {
+                cov_mark::hit!(submodule_in_testdb);
+                size = Some(new_size);
+                res = module;
+            }
+        }
+
+        res
+    }
+
     fn block_at_position(&self, def_map: &DefMap, position: FilePosition) -> Option<Arc<DefMap>> {
         // Find the smallest (innermost) function in `def_map` containing the cursor.
         let mut size = None;
@@ -265,4 +312,17 @@ impl TestDB {
 
         assert_eq!(annotations, actual);
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn check_no_diagnostics(&self) {
+        let db: &TestDB = self;
+        let annotations = db.extract_annotations();
+        assert!(annotations.is_empty());
+
+        let mut has_diagnostics = false;
+        db.diagnostics(|_| {
+            has_diagnostics = true;
+        });
+
+        assert!(!has_diagnostics);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/type_ref.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/type_ref.rs
index 049b2e462..4c24aae94 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/type_ref.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/type_ref.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,23 @@ impl Rawness {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
+pub struct TraitRef {
+    pub path: Path,
+}
+
+impl TraitRef {
+    /// Converts an `ast::PathType` to a `hir::TraitRef`.
+    pub(crate) fn from_ast(ctx: &LowerCtx, node: ast::Type) -> Option<Self> {
+        // FIXME: Use `Path::from_src`
+        match node {
+            ast::Type::PathType(path) => {
+                path.path().and_then(|it| ctx.lower_path(it)).map(|path| TraitRef { path })
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// Compare ty::Ty
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
 pub enum TypeRef {
diff --git a/crates/hir_def/src/visibility.rs b/crates/hir_def/src/visibility.rs
index 7d00a37c4..9908cd926 100644
--- a/crates/hir_def/src/visibility.rs
+++ b/crates/hir_def/src/visibility.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     nameres::DefMap,
     path::{ModPath, PathKind},
     resolver::HasResolver,
-    FunctionId, HasModule, LocalFieldId, ModuleDefId, ModuleId, VariantId,
+    FunctionId, HasModule, LocalFieldId, ModuleId, VariantId,
 };
 
 /// Visibility of an item, not yet resolved.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ pub enum RawVisibility {
 }
 
 impl RawVisibility {
-    pub(crate) const fn private() -> RawVisibility {
+    pub(crate) fn private() -> RawVisibility {
         RawVisibility::Module(ModPath::from_kind(PathKind::Super(0)))
     }
 
@@ -217,6 +217,6 @@ pub(crate) fn field_visibilities_query(
 
 /// Resolve visibility of a function.
 pub(crate) fn function_visibility_query(db: &dyn DefDatabase, def: FunctionId) -> Visibility {
-    let resolver = ModuleDefId::from(def).module(db).unwrap().resolver(db);
+    let resolver = def.resolver(db);
     db.function_data(def).visibility.resolve(db, &resolver)
 }