1 files changed, 787 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/crates/hir_ty/src/traits/chalk/mapping.rs b/crates/hir_ty/src/traits/chalk/mapping.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe62f3fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/hir_ty/src/traits/chalk/mapping.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+//! This module contains the implementations of the `ToChalk` trait, which
+//! handles conversion between our data types and their corresponding types in
+//! Chalk (in both directions); plus some helper functions for more specialized
+//! conversions.
+
+use chalk_ir::{
+    cast::Cast, fold::shift::Shift, interner::HasInterner, PlaceholderIndex, Scalar, TypeName,
+    UniverseIndex,
+};
+use chalk_solve::rust_ir;
+
+use base_db::salsa::InternKey;
+use hir_def::{type_ref::Mutability, AssocContainerId, GenericDefId, Lookup, TypeAliasId};
+
+use crate::{
+    db::HirDatabase,
+    primitive::{FloatBitness, FloatTy, IntBitness, IntTy, Signedness},
+    traits::{Canonical, Obligation},
+    ApplicationTy, CallableDefId, GenericPredicate, InEnvironment, OpaqueTy, OpaqueTyId,
+    ProjectionPredicate, ProjectionTy, Substs, TraitEnvironment, TraitRef, Ty, TyKind, TypeCtor,
+};
+
+use super::interner::*;
+use super::*;
+
+impl ToChalk for Ty {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::Ty<Interner>;
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::Ty<Interner> {
+        match self {
+            Ty::Apply(apply_ty) => match apply_ty.ctor {
+                TypeCtor::Ref(m) => ref_to_chalk(db, m, apply_ty.parameters),
+                TypeCtor::Array => array_to_chalk(db, apply_ty.parameters),
+                TypeCtor::FnPtr { num_args: _, is_varargs } => {
+                    let substitution = apply_ty.parameters.to_chalk(db).shifted_in(&Interner);
+                    chalk_ir::TyData::Function(chalk_ir::FnPointer {
+                        num_binders: 0,
+                        abi: (),
+                        safety: chalk_ir::Safety::Safe,
+                        variadic: is_varargs,
+                        substitution,
+                    })
+                    .intern(&Interner)
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    let name = apply_ty.ctor.to_chalk(db);
+                    let substitution = apply_ty.parameters.to_chalk(db);
+                    chalk_ir::ApplicationTy { name, substitution }.cast(&Interner).intern(&Interner)
+                }
+            },
+            Ty::Projection(proj_ty) => {
+                let associated_ty_id = proj_ty.associated_ty.to_chalk(db);
+                let substitution = proj_ty.parameters.to_chalk(db);
+                chalk_ir::AliasTy::Projection(chalk_ir::ProjectionTy {
+                    associated_ty_id,
+                    substitution,
+                })
+                .cast(&Interner)
+                .intern(&Interner)
+            }
+            Ty::Placeholder(id) => {
+                let interned_id = db.intern_type_param_id(id);
+                PlaceholderIndex {
+                    ui: UniverseIndex::ROOT,
+                    idx: interned_id.as_intern_id().as_usize(),
+                }
+                .to_ty::<Interner>(&Interner)
+            }
+            Ty::Bound(idx) => chalk_ir::TyData::BoundVar(idx).intern(&Interner),
+            Ty::Infer(_infer_ty) => panic!("uncanonicalized infer ty"),
+            Ty::Dyn(predicates) => {
+                let where_clauses = chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClauses::from_iter(
+                    &Interner,
+                    predicates.iter().filter(|p| !p.is_error()).cloned().map(|p| p.to_chalk(db)),
+                );
+                let bounded_ty = chalk_ir::DynTy {
+                    bounds: make_binders(where_clauses, 1),
+                    lifetime: FAKE_PLACEHOLDER.to_lifetime(&Interner),
+                };
+                chalk_ir::TyData::Dyn(bounded_ty).intern(&Interner)
+            }
+            Ty::Opaque(opaque_ty) => {
+                let opaque_ty_id = opaque_ty.opaque_ty_id.to_chalk(db);
+                let substitution = opaque_ty.parameters.to_chalk(db);
+                chalk_ir::TyData::Alias(chalk_ir::AliasTy::Opaque(chalk_ir::OpaqueTy {
+                    opaque_ty_id,
+                    substitution,
+                }))
+                .intern(&Interner)
+            }
+            Ty::Unknown => {
+                let substitution = chalk_ir::Substitution::empty(&Interner);
+                let name = TypeName::Error;
+                chalk_ir::ApplicationTy { name, substitution }.cast(&Interner).intern(&Interner)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    fn from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, chalk: chalk_ir::Ty<Interner>) -> Self {
+        match chalk.data(&Interner).clone() {
+            chalk_ir::TyData::Apply(apply_ty) => match apply_ty.name {
+                TypeName::Error => Ty::Unknown,
+                TypeName::Ref(m) => ref_from_chalk(db, m, apply_ty.substitution),
+                TypeName::Array => array_from_chalk(db, apply_ty.substitution),
+                _ => {
+                    let ctor = from_chalk(db, apply_ty.name);
+                    let parameters = from_chalk(db, apply_ty.substitution);
+                    Ty::Apply(ApplicationTy { ctor, parameters })
+                }
+            },
+            chalk_ir::TyData::Placeholder(idx) => {
+                assert_eq!(idx.ui, UniverseIndex::ROOT);
+                let interned_id = crate::db::GlobalTypeParamId::from_intern_id(
+                    crate::salsa::InternId::from(idx.idx),
+                );
+                Ty::Placeholder(db.lookup_intern_type_param_id(interned_id))
+            }
+            chalk_ir::TyData::Alias(chalk_ir::AliasTy::Projection(proj)) => {
+                let associated_ty = from_chalk(db, proj.associated_ty_id);
+                let parameters = from_chalk(db, proj.substitution);
+                Ty::Projection(ProjectionTy { associated_ty, parameters })
+            }
+            chalk_ir::TyData::Alias(chalk_ir::AliasTy::Opaque(opaque_ty)) => {
+                let impl_trait_id = from_chalk(db, opaque_ty.opaque_ty_id);
+                let parameters = from_chalk(db, opaque_ty.substitution);
+                Ty::Opaque(OpaqueTy { opaque_ty_id: impl_trait_id, parameters })
+            }
+            chalk_ir::TyData::Function(chalk_ir::FnPointer {
+                num_binders,
+                variadic,
+                substitution,
+                ..
+            }) => {
+                assert_eq!(num_binders, 0);
+                let parameters: Substs = from_chalk(
+                    db,
+                    substitution.shifted_out(&Interner).expect("fn ptr should have no binders"),
+                );
+                Ty::Apply(ApplicationTy {
+                    ctor: TypeCtor::FnPtr {
+                        num_args: (parameters.len() - 1) as u16,
+                        is_varargs: variadic,
+                    },
+                    parameters,
+                })
+            }
+            chalk_ir::TyData::BoundVar(idx) => Ty::Bound(idx),
+            chalk_ir::TyData::InferenceVar(_iv, _kind) => Ty::Unknown,
+            chalk_ir::TyData::Dyn(where_clauses) => {
+                assert_eq!(where_clauses.bounds.binders.len(&Interner), 1);
+                let predicates = where_clauses
+                    .bounds
+                    .skip_binders()
+                    .iter(&Interner)
+                    .map(|c| from_chalk(db, c.clone()))
+                    .collect();
+                Ty::Dyn(predicates)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+const FAKE_PLACEHOLDER: PlaceholderIndex =
+    PlaceholderIndex { ui: UniverseIndex::ROOT, idx: usize::MAX };
+
+/// We currently don't model lifetimes, but Chalk does. So, we have to insert a
+/// fake lifetime here, because Chalks built-in logic may expect it to be there.
+fn ref_to_chalk(
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    mutability: Mutability,
+    subst: Substs,
+) -> chalk_ir::Ty<Interner> {
+    let arg = subst[0].clone().to_chalk(db);
+    let lifetime = FAKE_PLACEHOLDER.to_lifetime(&Interner);
+    chalk_ir::ApplicationTy {
+        name: TypeName::Ref(mutability.to_chalk(db)),
+        substitution: chalk_ir::Substitution::from_iter(
+            &Interner,
+            vec![lifetime.cast(&Interner), arg.cast(&Interner)],
+        ),
+    }
+    .intern(&Interner)
+}
+
+/// Here we remove the lifetime from the type we got from Chalk.
+fn ref_from_chalk(
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    mutability: chalk_ir::Mutability,
+    subst: chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>,
+) -> Ty {
+    let tys = subst
+        .iter(&Interner)
+        .filter_map(|p| Some(from_chalk(db, p.ty(&Interner)?.clone())))
+        .collect();
+    Ty::apply(TypeCtor::Ref(from_chalk(db, mutability)), Substs(tys))
+}
+
+/// We currently don't model constants, but Chalk does. So, we have to insert a
+/// fake constant here, because Chalks built-in logic may expect it to be there.
+fn array_to_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, subst: Substs) -> chalk_ir::Ty<Interner> {
+    let arg = subst[0].clone().to_chalk(db);
+    let usize_ty = chalk_ir::ApplicationTy {
+        name: TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Uint(chalk_ir::UintTy::Usize)),
+        substitution: chalk_ir::Substitution::empty(&Interner),
+    }
+    .intern(&Interner);
+    let const_ = FAKE_PLACEHOLDER.to_const(&Interner, usize_ty);
+    chalk_ir::ApplicationTy {
+        name: TypeName::Array,
+        substitution: chalk_ir::Substitution::from_iter(
+            &Interner,
+            vec![arg.cast(&Interner), const_.cast(&Interner)],
+        ),
+    }
+    .intern(&Interner)
+}
+
+/// Here we remove the const from the type we got from Chalk.
+fn array_from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, subst: chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>) -> Ty {
+    let tys = subst
+        .iter(&Interner)
+        .filter_map(|p| Some(from_chalk(db, p.ty(&Interner)?.clone())))
+        .collect();
+    Ty::apply(TypeCtor::Array, Substs(tys))
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for Substs {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner> {
+        chalk_ir::Substitution::from_iter(&Interner, self.iter().map(|ty| ty.clone().to_chalk(db)))
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, parameters: chalk_ir::Substitution<Interner>) -> Substs {
+        let tys = parameters
+            .iter(&Interner)
+            .map(|p| match p.ty(&Interner) {
+                Some(ty) => from_chalk(db, ty.clone()),
+                None => unimplemented!(),
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Substs(tys)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for TraitRef {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::TraitRef<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self: TraitRef, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::TraitRef<Interner> {
+        let trait_id = self.trait_.to_chalk(db);
+        let substitution = self.substs.to_chalk(db);
+        chalk_ir::TraitRef { trait_id, substitution }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, trait_ref: chalk_ir::TraitRef<Interner>) -> Self {
+        let trait_ = from_chalk(db, trait_ref.trait_id);
+        let substs = from_chalk(db, trait_ref.substitution);
+        TraitRef { trait_, substs }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for hir_def::TraitId {
+    type Chalk = TraitId;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, _db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> TraitId {
+        chalk_ir::TraitId(self.as_intern_id())
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(_db: &dyn HirDatabase, trait_id: TraitId) -> hir_def::TraitId {
+        InternKey::from_intern_id(trait_id.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for OpaqueTyId {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::OpaqueTyId<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::OpaqueTyId<Interner> {
+        db.intern_impl_trait_id(self).into()
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(
+        db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+        opaque_ty_id: chalk_ir::OpaqueTyId<Interner>,
+    ) -> OpaqueTyId {
+        db.lookup_intern_impl_trait_id(opaque_ty_id.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for TypeCtor {
+    type Chalk = TypeName<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> TypeName<Interner> {
+        match self {
+            TypeCtor::AssociatedType(type_alias) => {
+                let type_id = type_alias.to_chalk(db);
+                TypeName::AssociatedType(type_id)
+            }
+
+            TypeCtor::OpaqueType(impl_trait_id) => {
+                let id = impl_trait_id.to_chalk(db);
+                TypeName::OpaqueType(id)
+            }
+
+            TypeCtor::Bool => TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Bool),
+            TypeCtor::Char => TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Char),
+            TypeCtor::Int(int_ty) => TypeName::Scalar(int_ty_to_chalk(int_ty)),
+            TypeCtor::Float(FloatTy { bitness: FloatBitness::X32 }) => {
+                TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Float(chalk_ir::FloatTy::F32))
+            }
+            TypeCtor::Float(FloatTy { bitness: FloatBitness::X64 }) => {
+                TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Float(chalk_ir::FloatTy::F64))
+            }
+
+            TypeCtor::Tuple { cardinality } => TypeName::Tuple(cardinality.into()),
+            TypeCtor::RawPtr(mutability) => TypeName::Raw(mutability.to_chalk(db)),
+            TypeCtor::Slice => TypeName::Slice,
+            TypeCtor::Array => TypeName::Array,
+            TypeCtor::Ref(mutability) => TypeName::Ref(mutability.to_chalk(db)),
+            TypeCtor::Str => TypeName::Str,
+            TypeCtor::FnDef(callable_def) => {
+                let id = callable_def.to_chalk(db);
+                TypeName::FnDef(id)
+            }
+            TypeCtor::Never => TypeName::Never,
+
+            TypeCtor::Closure { def, expr } => {
+                let closure_id = db.intern_closure((def, expr));
+                TypeName::Closure(closure_id.into())
+            }
+
+            TypeCtor::Adt(adt_id) => TypeName::Adt(chalk_ir::AdtId(adt_id)),
+
+            TypeCtor::FnPtr { .. } => {
+                // This should not be reached, since Chalk doesn't represent
+                // function pointers with TypeName
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, type_name: TypeName<Interner>) -> TypeCtor {
+        match type_name {
+            TypeName::Adt(struct_id) => TypeCtor::Adt(struct_id.0),
+            TypeName::AssociatedType(type_id) => TypeCtor::AssociatedType(from_chalk(db, type_id)),
+            TypeName::OpaqueType(opaque_type_id) => {
+                TypeCtor::OpaqueType(from_chalk(db, opaque_type_id))
+            }
+
+            TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Bool) => TypeCtor::Bool,
+            TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Char) => TypeCtor::Char,
+            TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Int(int_ty)) => TypeCtor::Int(IntTy {
+                signedness: Signedness::Signed,
+                bitness: bitness_from_chalk_int(int_ty),
+            }),
+            TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Uint(uint_ty)) => TypeCtor::Int(IntTy {
+                signedness: Signedness::Unsigned,
+                bitness: bitness_from_chalk_uint(uint_ty),
+            }),
+            TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Float(chalk_ir::FloatTy::F32)) => {
+                TypeCtor::Float(FloatTy { bitness: FloatBitness::X32 })
+            }
+            TypeName::Scalar(Scalar::Float(chalk_ir::FloatTy::F64)) => {
+                TypeCtor::Float(FloatTy { bitness: FloatBitness::X64 })
+            }
+            TypeName::Tuple(cardinality) => TypeCtor::Tuple { cardinality: cardinality as u16 },
+            TypeName::Raw(mutability) => TypeCtor::RawPtr(from_chalk(db, mutability)),
+            TypeName::Slice => TypeCtor::Slice,
+            TypeName::Ref(mutability) => TypeCtor::Ref(from_chalk(db, mutability)),
+            TypeName::Str => TypeCtor::Str,
+            TypeName::Never => TypeCtor::Never,
+
+            TypeName::FnDef(fn_def_id) => {
+                let callable_def = from_chalk(db, fn_def_id);
+                TypeCtor::FnDef(callable_def)
+            }
+            TypeName::Array => TypeCtor::Array,
+
+            TypeName::Closure(id) => {
+                let id: crate::db::ClosureId = id.into();
+                let (def, expr) = db.lookup_intern_closure(id);
+                TypeCtor::Closure { def, expr }
+            }
+
+            TypeName::Error => {
+                // this should not be reached, since we don't represent TypeName::Error with TypeCtor
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn bitness_from_chalk_uint(uint_ty: chalk_ir::UintTy) -> IntBitness {
+    use chalk_ir::UintTy;
+
+    match uint_ty {
+        UintTy::Usize => IntBitness::Xsize,
+        UintTy::U8 => IntBitness::X8,
+        UintTy::U16 => IntBitness::X16,
+        UintTy::U32 => IntBitness::X32,
+        UintTy::U64 => IntBitness::X64,
+        UintTy::U128 => IntBitness::X128,
+    }
+}
+
+fn bitness_from_chalk_int(int_ty: chalk_ir::IntTy) -> IntBitness {
+    use chalk_ir::IntTy;
+
+    match int_ty {
+        IntTy::Isize => IntBitness::Xsize,
+        IntTy::I8 => IntBitness::X8,
+        IntTy::I16 => IntBitness::X16,
+        IntTy::I32 => IntBitness::X32,
+        IntTy::I64 => IntBitness::X64,
+        IntTy::I128 => IntBitness::X128,
+    }
+}
+
+fn int_ty_to_chalk(int_ty: IntTy) -> Scalar {
+    use chalk_ir::{IntTy, UintTy};
+
+    match int_ty.signedness {
+        Signedness::Signed => Scalar::Int(match int_ty.bitness {
+            IntBitness::Xsize => IntTy::Isize,
+            IntBitness::X8 => IntTy::I8,
+            IntBitness::X16 => IntTy::I16,
+            IntBitness::X32 => IntTy::I32,
+            IntBitness::X64 => IntTy::I64,
+            IntBitness::X128 => IntTy::I128,
+        }),
+        Signedness::Unsigned => Scalar::Uint(match int_ty.bitness {
+            IntBitness::Xsize => UintTy::Usize,
+            IntBitness::X8 => UintTy::U8,
+            IntBitness::X16 => UintTy::U16,
+            IntBitness::X32 => UintTy::U32,
+            IntBitness::X64 => UintTy::U64,
+            IntBitness::X128 => UintTy::U128,
+        }),
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for Mutability {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::Mutability;
+    fn to_chalk(self, _db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> Self::Chalk {
+        match self {
+            Mutability::Shared => chalk_ir::Mutability::Not,
+            Mutability::Mut => chalk_ir::Mutability::Mut,
+        }
+    }
+    fn from_chalk(_db: &dyn HirDatabase, chalk: Self::Chalk) -> Self {
+        match chalk {
+            chalk_ir::Mutability::Mut => Mutability::Mut,
+            chalk_ir::Mutability::Not => Mutability::Shared,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for hir_def::ImplId {
+    type Chalk = ImplId;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, _db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> ImplId {
+        chalk_ir::ImplId(self.as_intern_id())
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(_db: &dyn HirDatabase, impl_id: ImplId) -> hir_def::ImplId {
+        InternKey::from_intern_id(impl_id.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for CallableDefId {
+    type Chalk = FnDefId;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> FnDefId {
+        db.intern_callable_def(self).into()
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, fn_def_id: FnDefId) -> CallableDefId {
+        db.lookup_intern_callable_def(fn_def_id.into())
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for TypeAliasId {
+    type Chalk = AssocTypeId;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, _db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> AssocTypeId {
+        chalk_ir::AssocTypeId(self.as_intern_id())
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(_db: &dyn HirDatabase, type_alias_id: AssocTypeId) -> TypeAliasId {
+        InternKey::from_intern_id(type_alias_id.0)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TypeAliasAsValue(pub TypeAliasId);
+
+impl ToChalk for TypeAliasAsValue {
+    type Chalk = AssociatedTyValueId;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, _db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> AssociatedTyValueId {
+        rust_ir::AssociatedTyValueId(self.0.as_intern_id())
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(
+        _db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+        assoc_ty_value_id: AssociatedTyValueId,
+    ) -> TypeAliasAsValue {
+        TypeAliasAsValue(TypeAliasId::from_intern_id(assoc_ty_value_id.0))
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for GenericPredicate {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<Interner> {
+        match self {
+            GenericPredicate::Implemented(trait_ref) => {
+                let chalk_trait_ref = trait_ref.to_chalk(db);
+                let chalk_trait_ref = chalk_trait_ref.shifted_in(&Interner);
+                make_binders(chalk_ir::WhereClause::Implemented(chalk_trait_ref), 0)
+            }
+            GenericPredicate::Projection(projection_pred) => {
+                let ty = projection_pred.ty.to_chalk(db).shifted_in(&Interner);
+                let projection = projection_pred.projection_ty.to_chalk(db).shifted_in(&Interner);
+                let alias = chalk_ir::AliasTy::Projection(projection);
+                make_binders(chalk_ir::WhereClause::AliasEq(chalk_ir::AliasEq { alias, ty }), 0)
+            }
+            GenericPredicate::Error => panic!("tried passing GenericPredicate::Error to Chalk"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(
+        db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+        where_clause: chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<Interner>,
+    ) -> GenericPredicate {
+        // we don't produce any where clauses with binders and can't currently deal with them
+        match where_clause
+            .skip_binders()
+            .shifted_out(&Interner)
+            .expect("unexpected bound vars in where clause")
+        {
+            chalk_ir::WhereClause::Implemented(tr) => {
+                GenericPredicate::Implemented(from_chalk(db, tr))
+            }
+            chalk_ir::WhereClause::AliasEq(projection_eq) => {
+                let projection_ty = from_chalk(
+                    db,
+                    match projection_eq.alias {
+                        chalk_ir::AliasTy::Projection(p) => p,
+                        _ => unimplemented!(),
+                    },
+                );
+                let ty = from_chalk(db, projection_eq.ty);
+                GenericPredicate::Projection(ProjectionPredicate { projection_ty, ty })
+            }
+
+            chalk_ir::WhereClause::LifetimeOutlives(_) => {
+                // we shouldn't get these from Chalk
+                panic!("encountered LifetimeOutlives from Chalk")
+            }
+
+            chalk_ir::WhereClause::TypeOutlives(_) => {
+                // we shouldn't get these from Chalk
+                panic!("encountered TypeOutlives from Chalk")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for ProjectionTy {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::ProjectionTy<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::ProjectionTy<Interner> {
+        chalk_ir::ProjectionTy {
+            associated_ty_id: self.associated_ty.to_chalk(db),
+            substitution: self.parameters.to_chalk(db),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(
+        db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+        projection_ty: chalk_ir::ProjectionTy<Interner>,
+    ) -> ProjectionTy {
+        ProjectionTy {
+            associated_ty: from_chalk(db, projection_ty.associated_ty_id),
+            parameters: from_chalk(db, projection_ty.substitution),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for ProjectionPredicate {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::AliasEq<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::AliasEq<Interner> {
+        chalk_ir::AliasEq {
+            alias: chalk_ir::AliasTy::Projection(self.projection_ty.to_chalk(db)),
+            ty: self.ty.to_chalk(db),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(_db: &dyn HirDatabase, _normalize: chalk_ir::AliasEq<Interner>) -> Self {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for Obligation {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::DomainGoal<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::DomainGoal<Interner> {
+        match self {
+            Obligation::Trait(tr) => tr.to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner),
+            Obligation::Projection(pr) => pr.to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(_db: &dyn HirDatabase, _goal: chalk_ir::DomainGoal<Interner>) -> Self {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ToChalk for Canonical<T>
+where
+    T: ToChalk,
+    T::Chalk: HasInterner<Interner = Interner>,
+{
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::Canonical<T::Chalk>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::Canonical<T::Chalk> {
+        let kinds = self
+            .kinds
+            .iter()
+            .map(|k| match k {
+                TyKind::General => chalk_ir::TyKind::General,
+                TyKind::Integer => chalk_ir::TyKind::Integer,
+                TyKind::Float => chalk_ir::TyKind::Float,
+            })
+            .map(|tk| {
+                chalk_ir::CanonicalVarKind::new(
+                    chalk_ir::VariableKind::Ty(tk),
+                    chalk_ir::UniverseIndex::ROOT,
+                )
+            });
+        let value = self.value.to_chalk(db);
+        chalk_ir::Canonical {
+            value,
+            binders: chalk_ir::CanonicalVarKinds::from_iter(&Interner, kinds),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(db: &dyn HirDatabase, canonical: chalk_ir::Canonical<T::Chalk>) -> Canonical<T> {
+        let kinds = canonical
+            .binders
+            .iter(&Interner)
+            .map(|k| match k.kind {
+                chalk_ir::VariableKind::Ty(tk) => match tk {
+                    chalk_ir::TyKind::General => TyKind::General,
+                    chalk_ir::TyKind::Integer => TyKind::Integer,
+                    chalk_ir::TyKind::Float => TyKind::Float,
+                },
+                chalk_ir::VariableKind::Lifetime => panic!("unexpected lifetime from Chalk"),
+                chalk_ir::VariableKind::Const(_) => panic!("unexpected const from Chalk"),
+            })
+            .collect();
+        Canonical { kinds, value: from_chalk(db, canonical.value) }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ToChalk for Arc<TraitEnvironment> {
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::Environment<Interner>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::Environment<Interner> {
+        let mut clauses = Vec::new();
+        for pred in &self.predicates {
+            if pred.is_error() {
+                // for env, we just ignore errors
+                continue;
+            }
+            let program_clause: chalk_ir::ProgramClause<Interner> =
+                pred.clone().to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner);
+            clauses.push(program_clause.into_from_env_clause(&Interner));
+        }
+        chalk_ir::Environment::new(&Interner).add_clauses(&Interner, clauses)
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(
+        _db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+        _env: chalk_ir::Environment<Interner>,
+    ) -> Arc<TraitEnvironment> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ToChalk> ToChalk for InEnvironment<T>
+where
+    T::Chalk: chalk_ir::interner::HasInterner<Interner = Interner>,
+{
+    type Chalk = chalk_ir::InEnvironment<T::Chalk>;
+
+    fn to_chalk(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> chalk_ir::InEnvironment<T::Chalk> {
+        chalk_ir::InEnvironment {
+            environment: self.environment.to_chalk(db),
+            goal: self.value.to_chalk(db),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn from_chalk(
+        db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+        in_env: chalk_ir::InEnvironment<T::Chalk>,
+    ) -> InEnvironment<T> {
+        InEnvironment {
+            environment: from_chalk(db, in_env.environment),
+            value: from_chalk(db, in_env.goal),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn make_binders<T>(value: T, num_vars: usize) -> chalk_ir::Binders<T>
+where
+    T: HasInterner<Interner = Interner>,
+{
+    chalk_ir::Binders::new(
+        chalk_ir::VariableKinds::from_iter(
+            &Interner,
+            std::iter::repeat(chalk_ir::VariableKind::Ty(chalk_ir::TyKind::General)).take(num_vars),
+        ),
+        value,
+    )
+}
+
+pub(super) fn convert_where_clauses(
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    def: GenericDefId,
+    substs: &Substs,
+) -> Vec<chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClause<Interner>> {
+    let generic_predicates = db.generic_predicates(def);
+    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(generic_predicates.len());
+    for pred in generic_predicates.iter() {
+        if pred.value.is_error() {
+            // skip errored predicates completely
+            continue;
+        }
+        result.push(pred.clone().subst(substs).to_chalk(db));
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+pub(super) fn generic_predicate_to_inline_bound(
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    pred: &GenericPredicate,
+    self_ty: &Ty,
+) -> Option<rust_ir::InlineBound<Interner>> {
+    // An InlineBound is like a GenericPredicate, except the self type is left out.
+    // We don't have a special type for this, but Chalk does.
+    match pred {
+        GenericPredicate::Implemented(trait_ref) => {
+            if &trait_ref.substs[0] != self_ty {
+                // we can only convert predicates back to type bounds if they
+                // have the expected self type
+                return None;
+            }
+            let args_no_self = trait_ref.substs[1..]
+                .iter()
+                .map(|ty| ty.clone().to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner))
+                .collect();
+            let trait_bound =
+                rust_ir::TraitBound { trait_id: trait_ref.trait_.to_chalk(db), args_no_self };
+            Some(rust_ir::InlineBound::TraitBound(trait_bound))
+        }
+        GenericPredicate::Projection(proj) => {
+            if &proj.projection_ty.parameters[0] != self_ty {
+                return None;
+            }
+            let trait_ = match proj.projection_ty.associated_ty.lookup(db.upcast()).container {
+                AssocContainerId::TraitId(t) => t,
+                _ => panic!("associated type not in trait"),
+            };
+            let args_no_self = proj.projection_ty.parameters[1..]
+                .iter()
+                .map(|ty| ty.clone().to_chalk(db).cast(&Interner))
+                .collect();
+            let alias_eq_bound = rust_ir::AliasEqBound {
+                value: proj.ty.clone().to_chalk(db),
+                trait_bound: rust_ir::TraitBound { trait_id: trait_.to_chalk(db), args_no_self },
+                associated_ty_id: proj.projection_ty.associated_ty.to_chalk(db),
+                parameters: Vec::new(), // FIXME we don't support generic associated types yet
+            };
+            Some(rust_ir::InlineBound::AliasEqBound(alias_eq_bound))
+        }
+        GenericPredicate::Error => None,
+    }
+}