65 files changed, 1274 insertions, 892 deletions

diff --git a/crates/flycheck/src/lib.rs b/crates/flycheck/src/lib.rs
index 92ec4f92e..1023d3040 100644
--- a/crates/flycheck/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/flycheck/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 use std::{
     fmt,
     io::{self, BufReader},
+    ops,
     path::PathBuf,
-    process::{Command, Stdio},
+    process::{self, Command, Stdio},
     time::Duration,
 };
 
@@ -49,8 +50,8 @@ impl fmt::Display for FlycheckConfig {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct FlycheckHandle {
     // XXX: drop order is significant
-    cmd_send: Sender<Restart>,
-    handle: jod_thread::JoinHandle,
+    sender: Sender<Restart>,
+    thread: jod_thread::JoinHandle,
 }
 
 impl FlycheckHandle {
@@ -59,16 +60,15 @@ impl FlycheckHandle {
         config: FlycheckConfig,
         workspace_root: PathBuf,
     ) -> FlycheckHandle {
-        let (cmd_send, cmd_recv) = unbounded::<Restart>();
-        let handle = jod_thread::spawn(move || {
-            FlycheckActor::new(sender, config, workspace_root).run(cmd_recv);
-        });
-        FlycheckHandle { cmd_send, handle }
+        let actor = FlycheckActor::new(sender, config, workspace_root);
+        let (sender, receiver) = unbounded::<Restart>();
+        let thread = jod_thread::spawn(move || actor.run(receiver));
+        FlycheckHandle { sender, thread }
     }
 
     /// Schedule a re-start of the cargo check worker.
     pub fn update(&self) {
-        self.cmd_send.send(Restart).unwrap();
+        self.sender.send(Restart).unwrap();
     }
 }
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub enum Message {
 pub enum Progress {
     DidStart,
     DidCheckCrate(String),
-    DidFinish,
+    DidFinish(io::Result<()>),
     DidCancel,
 }
 
@@ -100,8 +100,7 @@ struct FlycheckActor {
     /// doesn't provide a way to read sub-process output without blocking, so we
     /// have to wrap sub-processes output handling in a thread and pass messages
     /// back over a channel.
-    // XXX: drop order is significant
-    check_process: Option<(Receiver<cargo_metadata::Message>, jod_thread::JoinHandle)>,
+    cargo_handle: Option<CargoHandle>,
 }
 
 enum Event {
@@ -115,29 +114,36 @@ impl FlycheckActor {
         config: FlycheckConfig,
         workspace_root: PathBuf,
     ) -> FlycheckActor {
-        FlycheckActor { sender, config, workspace_root, check_process: None }
+        FlycheckActor { sender, config, workspace_root, cargo_handle: None }
     }
     fn next_event(&self, inbox: &Receiver<Restart>) -> Option<Event> {
-        let check_chan = self.check_process.as_ref().map(|(chan, _thread)| chan);
+        let check_chan = self.cargo_handle.as_ref().map(|cargo| &cargo.receiver);
         select! {
             recv(inbox) -> msg => msg.ok().map(Event::Restart),
             recv(check_chan.unwrap_or(&never())) -> msg => Some(Event::CheckEvent(msg.ok())),
         }
     }
-    fn run(&mut self, inbox: Receiver<Restart>) {
+    fn run(mut self, inbox: Receiver<Restart>) {
         while let Some(event) = self.next_event(&inbox) {
             match event {
                 Event::Restart(Restart) => {
                     while let Ok(Restart) = inbox.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(50)) {}
+
                     self.cancel_check_process();
-                    self.check_process = Some(self.start_check_process());
-                    self.send(Message::Progress(Progress::DidStart));
+
+                    let mut command = self.check_command();
+                    command.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()).stdin(Stdio::null());
+                    if let Ok(child) = command.spawn().map(JodChild) {
+                        self.cargo_handle = Some(CargoHandle::spawn(child));
+                        self.send(Message::Progress(Progress::DidStart));
+                    }
                 }
                 Event::CheckEvent(None) => {
                     // Watcher finished, replace it with a never channel to
                     // avoid busy-waiting.
-                    assert!(self.check_process.take().is_some());
-                    self.send(Message::Progress(Progress::DidFinish));
+                    let cargo_handle = self.cargo_handle.take().unwrap();
+                    let res = cargo_handle.join();
+                    self.send(Message::Progress(Progress::DidFinish(res)));
                 }
                 Event::CheckEvent(Some(message)) => match message {
                     cargo_metadata::Message::CompilerArtifact(msg) => {
@@ -162,11 +168,11 @@ impl FlycheckActor {
         self.cancel_check_process();
     }
     fn cancel_check_process(&mut self) {
-        if self.check_process.take().is_some() {
+        if self.cargo_handle.take().is_some() {
             self.send(Message::Progress(Progress::DidCancel));
         }
     }
-    fn start_check_process(&self) -> (Receiver<cargo_metadata::Message>, jod_thread::JoinHandle) {
+    fn check_command(&self) -> Command {
         let mut cmd = match &self.config {
             FlycheckConfig::CargoCommand {
                 command,
@@ -198,33 +204,7 @@ impl FlycheckActor {
             }
         };
         cmd.current_dir(&self.workspace_root);
-
-        let (message_send, message_recv) = unbounded();
-        let thread = jod_thread::spawn(move || {
-            // If we trigger an error here, we will do so in the loop instead,
-            // which will break out of the loop, and continue the shutdown
-            let res = run_cargo(cmd, &mut |message| {
-                // Skip certain kinds of messages to only spend time on what's useful
-                match &message {
-                    cargo_metadata::Message::CompilerArtifact(artifact) if artifact.fresh => {
-                        return true
-                    }
-                    cargo_metadata::Message::BuildScriptExecuted(_)
-                    | cargo_metadata::Message::Unknown => return true,
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-
-                // if the send channel was closed, we want to shutdown
-                message_send.send(message).is_ok()
-            });
-
-            if let Err(err) = res {
-                // FIXME: make the `message_send` to be `Sender<Result<CheckEvent, CargoError>>`
-                // to display user-caused misconfiguration errors instead of just logging them here
-                log::error!("Cargo watcher failed {:?}", err);
-            }
-        });
-        (message_recv, thread)
+        cmd
     }
 
     fn send(&self, check_task: Message) {
@@ -232,54 +212,104 @@ impl FlycheckActor {
     }
 }
 
-fn run_cargo(
-    mut command: Command,
-    on_message: &mut dyn FnMut(cargo_metadata::Message) -> bool,
-) -> io::Result<()> {
-    let mut child =
-        command.stdout(Stdio::piped()).stderr(Stdio::null()).stdin(Stdio::null()).spawn()?;
+struct CargoHandle {
+    child: JodChild,
+    #[allow(unused)]
+    thread: jod_thread::JoinHandle<io::Result<bool>>,
+    receiver: Receiver<cargo_metadata::Message>,
+}
 
-    // We manually read a line at a time, instead of using serde's
-    // stream deserializers, because the deserializer cannot recover
-    // from an error, resulting in it getting stuck, because we try to
-    // be resillient against failures.
-    //
-    // Because cargo only outputs one JSON object per line, we can
-    // simply skip a line if it doesn't parse, which just ignores any
-    // erroneus output.
-    let stdout = BufReader::new(child.stdout.take().unwrap());
-    let mut read_at_least_one_message = false;
-    for message in cargo_metadata::Message::parse_stream(stdout) {
-        let message = match message {
-            Ok(message) => message,
-            Err(err) => {
-                log::error!("Invalid json from cargo check, ignoring ({})", err);
-                continue;
-            }
-        };
+impl CargoHandle {
+    fn spawn(mut child: JodChild) -> CargoHandle {
+        let child_stdout = child.stdout.take().unwrap();
+        let (sender, receiver) = unbounded();
+        let actor = CargoActor::new(child_stdout, sender);
+        let thread = jod_thread::spawn(move || actor.run());
+        CargoHandle { child, thread, receiver }
+    }
+    fn join(mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        // It is okay to ignore the result, as it only errors if the process is already dead
+        let _ = self.child.kill();
+        let exit_status = self.child.wait()?;
+        let read_at_least_one_message = self.thread.join()?;
+        if !exit_status.success() && !read_at_least_one_message {
+            // FIXME: Read the stderr to display the reason, see `read2()` reference in PR comment:
+            // https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/pull/3632#discussion_r395605298
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                format!(
+                    "Cargo watcher failed,the command produced no valid metadata (exit code: {:?})",
+                    exit_status
+                ),
+            ));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+struct CargoActor {
+    child_stdout: process::ChildStdout,
+    sender: Sender<cargo_metadata::Message>,
+}
+
+impl CargoActor {
+    fn new(
+        child_stdout: process::ChildStdout,
+        sender: Sender<cargo_metadata::Message>,
+    ) -> CargoActor {
+        CargoActor { child_stdout, sender }
+    }
+    fn run(self) -> io::Result<bool> {
+        // We manually read a line at a time, instead of using serde's
+        // stream deserializers, because the deserializer cannot recover
+        // from an error, resulting in it getting stuck, because we try to
+        // be resilient against failures.
+        //
+        // Because cargo only outputs one JSON object per line, we can
+        // simply skip a line if it doesn't parse, which just ignores any
+        // erroneus output.
+        let stdout = BufReader::new(self.child_stdout);
+        let mut read_at_least_one_message = false;
+        for message in cargo_metadata::Message::parse_stream(stdout) {
+            let message = match message {
+                Ok(message) => message,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    log::error!("Invalid json from cargo check, ignoring ({})", err);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
 
-        read_at_least_one_message = true;
+            read_at_least_one_message = true;
 
-        if !on_message(message) {
-            break;
+            // Skip certain kinds of messages to only spend time on what's useful
+            match &message {
+                cargo_metadata::Message::CompilerArtifact(artifact) if artifact.fresh => (),
+                cargo_metadata::Message::BuildScriptExecuted(_)
+                | cargo_metadata::Message::Unknown => (),
+                _ => self.sender.send(message).unwrap(),
+            }
         }
+        Ok(read_at_least_one_message)
     }
+}
 
-    // It is okay to ignore the result, as it only errors if the process is already dead
-    let _ = child.kill();
+struct JodChild(process::Child);
 
-    let exit_status = child.wait()?;
-    if !exit_status.success() && !read_at_least_one_message {
-        // FIXME: Read the stderr to display the reason, see `read2()` reference in PR comment:
-        // https://github.com/rust-analyzer/rust-analyzer/pull/3632#discussion_r395605298
-        return Err(io::Error::new(
-            io::ErrorKind::Other,
-            format!(
-                "the command produced no valid metadata (exit code: {:?}): {:?}",
-                exit_status, command
-            ),
-        ));
+impl ops::Deref for JodChild {
+    type Target = process::Child;
+    fn deref(&self) -> &process::Child {
+        &self.0
     }
+}
 
-    Ok(())
+impl ops::DerefMut for JodChild {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut process::Child {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for JodChild {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = self.0.kill();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/change_visibility.rs b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/change_visibility.rs
index c21d75be0..157c7b665 100644
--- a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/change_visibility.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/change_visibility.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
 use ra_syntax::{
     ast::{self, NameOwner, VisibilityOwner},
     AstNode,
-    SyntaxKind::{
-        ATTR, COMMENT, CONST_DEF, ENUM_DEF, FN_DEF, MODULE, STRUCT_DEF, TRAIT_DEF, VISIBILITY,
-        WHITESPACE,
-    },
-    SyntaxNode, TextSize, T,
+    SyntaxKind::{CONST_DEF, ENUM_DEF, FN_DEF, MODULE, STRUCT_DEF, TRAIT_DEF, VISIBILITY},
+    T,
 };
 use test_utils::mark;
 
-use crate::{AssistContext, AssistId, Assists};
+use crate::{utils::vis_offset, AssistContext, AssistId, Assists};
 
 // Assist: change_visibility
 //
@@ -30,9 +27,8 @@ pub(crate) fn change_visibility(acc: &mut Assists, ctx: &AssistContext) -> Optio
 }
 
 fn add_vis(acc: &mut Assists, ctx: &AssistContext) -> Option<()> {
-    let item_keyword = ctx.token_at_offset().find(|leaf| match leaf.kind() {
-        T![const] | T![fn] | T![mod] | T![struct] | T![enum] | T![trait] => true,
-        _ => false,
+    let item_keyword = ctx.token_at_offset().find(|leaf| {
+        matches!(leaf.kind(), T![const] | T![fn] | T![mod] | T![struct] | T![enum] | T![trait])
     });
 
     let (offset, target) = if let Some(keyword) = item_keyword {
@@ -71,17 +67,6 @@ fn add_vis(acc: &mut Assists, ctx: &AssistContext) -> Option<()> {
     })
 }
 
-fn vis_offset(node: &SyntaxNode) -> TextSize {
-    node.children_with_tokens()
-        .skip_while(|it| match it.kind() {
-            WHITESPACE | COMMENT | ATTR => true,
-            _ => false,
-        })
-        .next()
-        .map(|it| it.text_range().start())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| node.text_range().start())
-}
-
 fn change_vis(acc: &mut Assists, vis: ast::Visibility) -> Option<()> {
     if vis.syntax().text() == "pub" {
         let target = vis.syntax().text_range();
diff --git a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/fix_visibility.rs b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/fix_visibility.rs
index 54601d1f3..19d4dac5e 100644
--- a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/fix_visibility.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/fix_visibility.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 use hir::{db::HirDatabase, HasSource, HasVisibility, PathResolution};
 use ra_db::FileId;
-use ra_syntax::{
-    ast, AstNode,
-    SyntaxKind::{ATTR, COMMENT, WHITESPACE},
-    SyntaxNode, TextRange, TextSize,
-};
+use ra_syntax::{ast, AstNode, TextRange, TextSize};
 
-use crate::{AssistContext, AssistId, Assists};
+use crate::{utils::vis_offset, AssistContext, AssistId, Assists};
 
 // FIXME: this really should be a fix for diagnostic, rather than an assist.
 
@@ -177,17 +173,6 @@ fn target_data_for_def(
     Some((offset, target, target_file, target_name))
 }
 
-fn vis_offset(node: &SyntaxNode) -> TextSize {
-    node.children_with_tokens()
-        .skip_while(|it| match it.kind() {
-            WHITESPACE | COMMENT | ATTR => true,
-            _ => false,
-        })
-        .next()
-        .map(|it| it.text_range().start())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| node.text_range().start())
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::tests::{check_assist, check_assist_not_applicable};
diff --git a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/merge_match_arms.rs b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/merge_match_arms.rs
index ca04ec671..90ce66378 100644
--- a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/merge_match_arms.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/merge_match_arms.rs
@@ -81,10 +81,7 @@ pub(crate) fn merge_match_arms(acc: &mut Assists, ctx: &AssistContext) -> Option
 }
 
 fn contains_placeholder(a: &ast::MatchArm) -> bool {
-    match a.pat() {
-        Some(ra_syntax::ast::Pat::PlaceholderPat(..)) => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!(a.pat(), Some(ast::Pat::PlaceholderPat(..)))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/reorder_fields.rs b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/reorder_fields.rs
index 897da2832..bc58ce5fe 100644
--- a/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/reorder_fields.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_assists/src/handlers/reorder_fields.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 
 use hir::{Adt, ModuleDef, PathResolution, Semantics, Struct};
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use ra_ide_db::RootDatabase;
 use ra_syntax::{algo, ast, match_ast, AstNode, SyntaxKind, SyntaxKind::*, SyntaxNode};
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ fn struct_definition(path: &ast::Path, sema: &Semantics<RootDatabase>) -> Option
     }
 }
 
-fn compute_fields_ranks(path: &ast::Path, ctx: &AssistContext) -> Option<HashMap<String, usize>> {
+fn compute_fields_ranks(path: &ast::Path, ctx: &AssistContext) -> Option<FxHashMap<String, usize>> {
     Some(
         struct_definition(path, &ctx.sema)?
             .fields(ctx.db)
diff --git a/crates/ra_assists/src/utils.rs b/crates/ra_assists/src/utils.rs
index b7c45a619..02de902d6 100644
--- a/crates/ra_assists/src/utils.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_assists/src/utils.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ use hir::{Adt, Crate, Enum, ScopeDef, Semantics, Trait, Type};
 use ra_ide_db::RootDatabase;
 use ra_syntax::{
     ast::{self, make, NameOwner},
-    AstNode, SyntaxNode, T,
+    AstNode,
+    SyntaxKind::*,
+    SyntaxNode, TextSize, T,
 };
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
@@ -120,6 +122,13 @@ pub(crate) fn resolve_target_trait(
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn vis_offset(node: &SyntaxNode) -> TextSize {
+    node.children_with_tokens()
+        .find(|it| !matches!(it.kind(), WHITESPACE | COMMENT | ATTR))
+        .map(|it| it.text_range().start())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| node.text_range().start())
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn invert_boolean_expression(expr: ast::Expr) -> ast::Expr {
     if let Some(expr) = invert_special_case(&expr) {
         return expr;
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir/src/code_model.rs b/crates/ra_hir/src/code_model.rs
index a379b9f49..e86077dd6 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir/src/code_model.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir/src/code_model.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@ use hir_ty::{
     autoderef,
     display::{HirDisplayError, HirFormatter},
     expr::ExprValidator,
-    method_resolution, ApplicationTy, Canonical, GenericPredicate, InEnvironment, Substs,
-    TraitEnvironment, Ty, TyDefId, TypeCtor,
+    method_resolution,
+    unsafe_validation::UnsafeValidator,
+    ApplicationTy, Canonical, GenericPredicate, InEnvironment, Substs, TraitEnvironment, Ty,
+    TyDefId, TypeCtor,
 };
 use ra_db::{CrateId, CrateName, Edition, FileId};
 use ra_prof::profile;
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ impl_froms!(Adt: Struct, Union, Enum);
 impl Adt {
     pub fn has_non_default_type_params(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> bool {
         let subst = db.generic_defaults(self.into());
-        subst.iter().any(|ty| ty == &Ty::Unknown)
+        subst.iter().any(|ty| &ty.value == &Ty::Unknown)
     }
 
     /// Turns this ADT into a type. Any type parameters of the ADT will be
@@ -677,7 +679,9 @@ impl Function {
         let _p = profile("Function::diagnostics");
         let infer = db.infer(self.id.into());
         infer.add_diagnostics(db, self.id, sink);
-        let mut validator = ExprValidator::new(self.id, infer, sink);
+        let mut validator = ExprValidator::new(self.id, infer.clone(), sink);
+        validator.validate_body(db);
+        let mut validator = UnsafeValidator::new(self.id, infer, sink);
         validator.validate_body(db);
     }
 }
@@ -771,7 +775,7 @@ pub struct TypeAlias {
 impl TypeAlias {
     pub fn has_non_default_type_params(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> bool {
         let subst = db.generic_defaults(self.id.into());
-        subst.iter().any(|ty| ty == &Ty::Unknown)
+        subst.iter().any(|ty| &ty.value == &Ty::Unknown)
     }
 
     pub fn module(self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> Module {
@@ -1031,7 +1035,10 @@ impl TypeParam {
         let local_idx = hir_ty::param_idx(db, self.id)?;
         let resolver = self.id.parent.resolver(db.upcast());
         let environment = TraitEnvironment::lower(db, &resolver);
-        params.get(local_idx).cloned().map(|ty| Type {
+        let ty = params.get(local_idx)?.clone();
+        let subst = Substs::type_params(db, self.id.parent);
+        let ty = ty.subst(&subst.prefix(local_idx));
+        Some(Type {
             krate: self.id.parent.module(db.upcast()).krate,
             ty: InEnvironment { value: ty, environment },
         })
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_def/src/body/lower.rs b/crates/ra_hir_def/src/body/lower.rs
index a7e2e0982..c6bc85e2f 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_def/src/body/lower.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_def/src/body/lower.rs
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
         if !self.expander.is_cfg_enabled(&expr) {
             return self.missing_expr();
         }
+
         match expr {
             ast::Expr::IfExpr(e) => {
                 let then_branch = self.collect_block_opt(e.then_branch());
@@ -218,8 +219,12 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                     let body = self.collect_block_opt(e.block_expr());
                     self.alloc_expr(Expr::TryBlock { body }, syntax_ptr)
                 }
+                ast::Effect::Unsafe(_) => {
+                    let body = self.collect_block_opt(e.block_expr());
+                    self.alloc_expr(Expr::Unsafe { body }, syntax_ptr)
+                }
                 // FIXME: we need to record these effects somewhere...
-                ast::Effect::Async(_) | ast::Effect::Label(_) | ast::Effect::Unsafe(_) => {
+                ast::Effect::Async(_) | ast::Effect::Label(_) => {
                     self.collect_block_opt(e.block_expr())
                 }
             },
@@ -445,7 +450,6 @@ impl ExprCollector<'_> {
                     Mutability::from_mutable(e.mut_token().is_some())
                 };
                 let rawness = Rawness::from_raw(raw_tok);
-
                 self.alloc_expr(Expr::Ref { expr, rawness, mutability }, syntax_ptr)
             }
             ast::Expr::PrefixExpr(e) => {
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_def/src/expr.rs b/crates/ra_hir_def/src/expr.rs
index ca49b26d1..e41cfc16b 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_def/src/expr.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_def/src/expr.rs
@@ -150,6 +150,9 @@ pub enum Expr {
     Tuple {
         exprs: Vec<ExprId>,
     },
+    Unsafe {
+        body: ExprId,
+    },
     Array(Array),
     Literal(Literal),
 }
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ impl Expr {
                     f(*expr);
                 }
             }
-            Expr::TryBlock { body } => f(*body),
+            Expr::TryBlock { body } | Expr::Unsafe { body } => f(*body),
             Expr::Loop { body, .. } => f(*body),
             Expr::While { condition, body, .. } => {
                 f(*condition);
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/builtin_macro.rs b/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/builtin_macro.rs
index b50eb347c..626f9efd0 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/builtin_macro.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/builtin_macro.rs
@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ register_builtin! {
     EAGER:
     (concat, Concat) => concat_expand,
     (include, Include) => include_expand,
+    (include_bytes, IncludeBytes) => include_bytes_expand,
+    (include_str, IncludeStr) => include_str_expand,
     (env, Env) => env_expand,
     (option_env, OptionEnv) => option_env_expand
 }
@@ -292,11 +294,16 @@ fn concat_expand(
     Ok((quote!(#text), FragmentKind::Expr))
 }
 
-fn relative_file(db: &dyn AstDatabase, call_id: MacroCallId, path: &str) -> Option<FileId> {
+fn relative_file(
+    db: &dyn AstDatabase,
+    call_id: MacroCallId,
+    path: &str,
+    allow_recursion: bool,
+) -> Option<FileId> {
     let call_site = call_id.as_file().original_file(db);
     let res = db.resolve_path(call_site, path)?;
     // Prevent include itself
-    if res == call_site {
+    if res == call_site && !allow_recursion {
         None
     } else {
         Some(res)
@@ -319,8 +326,8 @@ fn include_expand(
     tt: &tt::Subtree,
 ) -> Result<(tt::Subtree, FragmentKind), mbe::ExpandError> {
     let path = parse_string(tt)?;
-    let file_id =
-        relative_file(db, arg_id.into(), &path).ok_or_else(|| mbe::ExpandError::ConversionError)?;
+    let file_id = relative_file(db, arg_id.into(), &path, false)
+        .ok_or_else(|| mbe::ExpandError::ConversionError)?;
 
     // FIXME:
     // Handle include as expression
@@ -331,6 +338,48 @@ fn include_expand(
     Ok((res, FragmentKind::Items))
 }
 
+fn include_bytes_expand(
+    _db: &dyn AstDatabase,
+    _arg_id: EagerMacroId,
+    tt: &tt::Subtree,
+) -> Result<(tt::Subtree, FragmentKind), mbe::ExpandError> {
+    let _path = parse_string(tt)?;
+
+    // FIXME: actually read the file here if the user asked for macro expansion
+    let res = tt::Subtree {
+        delimiter: None,
+        token_trees: vec![tt::TokenTree::Leaf(tt::Leaf::Literal(tt::Literal {
+            text: r#"b"""#.into(),
+            id: tt::TokenId::unspecified(),
+        }))],
+    };
+    Ok((res, FragmentKind::Expr))
+}
+
+fn include_str_expand(
+    db: &dyn AstDatabase,
+    arg_id: EagerMacroId,
+    tt: &tt::Subtree,
+) -> Result<(tt::Subtree, FragmentKind), mbe::ExpandError> {
+    let path = parse_string(tt)?;
+
+    // FIXME: we're not able to read excluded files (which is most of them because
+    // it's unusual to `include_str!` a Rust file), but we can return an empty string.
+    // Ideally, we'd be able to offer a precise expansion if the user asks for macro
+    // expansion.
+    let file_id = match relative_file(db, arg_id.into(), &path, true) {
+        Some(file_id) => file_id,
+        None => {
+            return Ok((quote!(""), FragmentKind::Expr));
+        }
+    };
+
+    let text = db.file_text(file_id);
+    let text = &*text;
+
+    Ok((quote!(#text), FragmentKind::Expr))
+}
+
 fn get_env_inner(db: &dyn AstDatabase, arg_id: EagerMacroId, key: &str) -> Option<String> {
     let krate = db.lookup_intern_eager_expansion(arg_id).krate;
     db.crate_graph()[krate].env.get(key)
@@ -581,4 +630,20 @@ mod tests {
             r#"std::fmt::Arguments::new_v1(&[], &[std::fmt::ArgumentV1::new(&(arg1(a,b,c)),std::fmt::Display::fmt),std::fmt::ArgumentV1::new(&(arg2),std::fmt::Display::fmt),])"#
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_include_bytes_expand() {
+        let expanded = expand_builtin_macro(
+            r#"
+            #[rustc_builtin_macro]
+            macro_rules! include_bytes {
+                ($file:expr) => {{ /* compiler built-in */ }};
+                ($file:expr,) => {{ /* compiler built-in */ }};
+            }
+            include_bytes("foo");
+            "#,
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(expanded, r#"b"""#);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/name.rs b/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/name.rs
index 660bdfe33..1b0303685 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/name.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_expand/src/name.rs
@@ -191,6 +191,8 @@ pub mod known {
         stringify,
         concat,
         include,
+        include_bytes,
+        include_str,
         format_args,
         format_args_nl,
         env,
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/Cargo.toml b/crates/ra_hir_ty/Cargo.toml
index 407322dc1..d6df48db2 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ test_utils = { path = "../test_utils" }
 
 scoped-tls = "1"
 
-chalk-solve = { version = "0.15.0-dev.0", git = "https://github.com/rust-lang/chalk" }
-chalk-ir = { version = "0.15.0-dev.0", git = "https://github.com/rust-lang/chalk" }
+chalk-solve = { version = "0.15.0" }
+chalk-ir = { version = "0.15.0" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 insta = "0.16.0"
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/db.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/db.rs
index 7889b8d2c..cad553273 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/db.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/db.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
     method_resolution::CrateImplDefs,
     traits::{chalk, AssocTyValue, Impl},
     Binders, CallableDef, GenericPredicate, InferenceResult, OpaqueTyId, PolyFnSig,
-    ReturnTypeImplTraits, Substs, TraitRef, Ty, TyDefId, TypeCtor, ValueTyDefId,
+    ReturnTypeImplTraits, TraitRef, Ty, TyDefId, TypeCtor, ValueTyDefId,
 };
 use hir_expand::name::Name;
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub trait HirDatabase: DefDatabase + Upcast<dyn DefDatabase> {
     fn generic_predicates(&self, def: GenericDefId) -> Arc<[Binders<GenericPredicate>]>;
 
     #[salsa::invoke(crate::lower::generic_defaults_query)]
-    fn generic_defaults(&self, def: GenericDefId) -> Substs;
+    fn generic_defaults(&self, def: GenericDefId) -> Arc<[Binders<Ty>]>;
 
     #[salsa::invoke(crate::method_resolution::CrateImplDefs::impls_in_crate_query)]
     fn impls_in_crate(&self, krate: CrateId) -> Arc<CrateImplDefs>;
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/diagnostics.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/diagnostics.rs
index ebd9cb08f..a59efb347 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -169,3 +169,31 @@ impl AstDiagnostic for BreakOutsideOfLoop {
         ast::Expr::cast(node).unwrap()
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MissingUnsafe {
+    pub file: HirFileId,
+    pub expr: AstPtr<ast::Expr>,
+}
+
+impl Diagnostic for MissingUnsafe {
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        format!("This operation is unsafe and requires an unsafe function or block")
+    }
+    fn source(&self) -> InFile<SyntaxNodePtr> {
+        InFile { file_id: self.file, value: self.expr.clone().into() }
+    }
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + Send + 'static) {
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl AstDiagnostic for MissingUnsafe {
+    type AST = ast::Expr;
+
+    fn ast(&self, db: &impl AstDatabase) -> Self::AST {
+        let root = db.parse_or_expand(self.source().file_id).unwrap();
+        let node = self.source().value.to_node(&root);
+        ast::Expr::cast(node).unwrap()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/display.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/display.rs
index 3c97e1354..23cea1a2a 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/display.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/display.rs
@@ -308,7 +308,6 @@ impl HirDisplay for ApplicationTy {
                 }
 
                 if self.parameters.len() > 0 {
-                    let mut non_default_parameters = Vec::with_capacity(self.parameters.len());
                     let parameters_to_write =
                         if f.display_target.is_source_code() || f.omit_verbose_types() {
                             match self
@@ -319,20 +318,23 @@ impl HirDisplay for ApplicationTy {
                             {
                                 None => self.parameters.0.as_ref(),
                                 Some(default_parameters) => {
+                                    let mut default_from = 0;
                                     for (i, parameter) in self.parameters.iter().enumerate() {
                                         match (parameter, default_parameters.get(i)) {
                                             (&Ty::Unknown, _) | (_, None) => {
-                                                non_default_parameters.push(parameter.clone())
+                                                default_from = i + 1;
                                             }
-                                            (_, Some(default_parameter))
-                                                if parameter != default_parameter =>
-                                            {
-                                                non_default_parameters.push(parameter.clone())
+                                            (_, Some(default_parameter)) => {
+                                                let actual_default = default_parameter
+                                                    .clone()
+                                                    .subst(&self.parameters.prefix(i));
+                                                if parameter != &actual_default {
+                                                    default_from = i + 1;
+                                                }
                                             }
-                                            _ => (),
                                         }
                                     }
-                                    &non_default_parameters
+                                    &self.parameters.0[0..default_from]
                                 }
                             }
                         } else {
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/infer/expr.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/infer/expr.rs
index a9565a58d..22884522a 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/infer/expr.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/infer/expr.rs
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ impl<'a> InferenceContext<'a> {
                 // FIXME: Breakable block inference
                 self.infer_block(statements, *tail, expected)
             }
+            Expr::Unsafe { body } => self.infer_expr(*body, expected),
             Expr::TryBlock { body } => {
                 let _inner = self.infer_expr(*body, expected);
                 // FIXME should be std::result::Result<{inner}, _>
@@ -784,11 +785,7 @@ impl<'a> InferenceContext<'a> {
         for &check_closures in &[false, true] {
             let param_iter = param_tys.iter().cloned().chain(repeat(Ty::Unknown));
             for (&arg, param_ty) in args.iter().zip(param_iter) {
-                let is_closure = match &self.body[arg] {
-                    Expr::Lambda { .. } => true,
-                    _ => false,
-                };
-
+                let is_closure = matches!(&self.body[arg], Expr::Lambda { .. });
                 if is_closure != check_closures {
                     continue;
                 }
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lib.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lib.rs
index f22232324..c9513b752 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lib.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ pub(crate) mod utils;
 pub mod db;
 pub mod diagnostics;
 pub mod expr;
+pub mod unsafe_validation;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
@@ -619,17 +620,11 @@ pub enum GenericPredicate {
 
 impl GenericPredicate {
     pub fn is_error(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            GenericPredicate::Error => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self, GenericPredicate::Error)
     }
 
     pub fn is_implemented(&self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            GenericPredicate::Implemented(_) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self, GenericPredicate::Implemented(_))
     }
 
     pub fn trait_ref(&self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) -> Option<TraitRef> {
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lower.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lower.rs
index d5154f436..3dc154e92 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lower.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/lower.rs
@@ -578,11 +578,13 @@ fn substs_from_path_segment(
     // (i.e. defaults aren't used).
     if !infer_args || had_explicit_args {
         if let Some(def_generic) = def_generic {
-            let default_substs = ctx.db.generic_defaults(def_generic);
-            assert_eq!(total_len, default_substs.len());
+            let defaults = ctx.db.generic_defaults(def_generic);
+            assert_eq!(total_len, defaults.len());
 
-            for default_ty in default_substs.iter().skip(substs.len()) {
-                substs.push(default_ty.clone());
+            for default_ty in defaults.iter().skip(substs.len()) {
+                // each default can depend on the previous parameters
+                let substs_so_far = Substs(substs.clone().into());
+                substs.push(default_ty.clone().subst(&substs_so_far));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -945,17 +947,42 @@ pub(crate) fn generic_predicates_query(
 }
 
 /// Resolve the default type params from generics
-pub(crate) fn generic_defaults_query(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: GenericDefId) -> Substs {
+pub(crate) fn generic_defaults_query(
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    def: GenericDefId,
+) -> Arc<[Binders<Ty>]> {
     let resolver = def.resolver(db.upcast());
-    let ctx = TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver);
+    let ctx =
+        TyLoweringContext::new(db, &resolver).with_type_param_mode(TypeParamLoweringMode::Variable);
     let generic_params = generics(db.upcast(), def);
 
     let defaults = generic_params
         .iter()
-        .map(|(_idx, p)| p.default.as_ref().map_or(Ty::Unknown, |t| Ty::from_hir(&ctx, t)))
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(idx, (_, p))| {
+            let mut ty = p.default.as_ref().map_or(Ty::Unknown, |t| Ty::from_hir(&ctx, t));
+
+            // Each default can only refer to previous parameters.
+            ty.walk_mut_binders(
+                &mut |ty, binders| match ty {
+                    Ty::Bound(BoundVar { debruijn, index }) if *debruijn == binders => {
+                        if *index >= idx {
+                            // type variable default referring to parameter coming
+                            // after it. This is forbidden (FIXME: report
+                            // diagnostic)
+                            *ty = Ty::Unknown;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                },
+                DebruijnIndex::INNERMOST,
+            );
+
+            Binders::new(idx, ty)
+        })
         .collect();
 
-    Substs(defaults)
+    defaults
 }
 
 fn fn_sig_for_fn(db: &dyn HirDatabase, def: FunctionId) -> PolyFnSig {
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/test_db.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/test_db.rs
index ad04e3e0f..0481a7b12 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/test_db.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/test_db.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@ use ra_db::{salsa, CrateId, FileId, FileLoader, FileLoaderDelegate, SourceDataba
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 use stdx::format_to;
 
-use crate::{db::HirDatabase, diagnostics::Diagnostic, expr::ExprValidator};
+use crate::{
+    db::HirDatabase, diagnostics::Diagnostic, expr::ExprValidator,
+    unsafe_validation::UnsafeValidator,
+};
 
 #[salsa::database(
     ra_db::SourceDatabaseExtStorage,
@@ -119,7 +122,9 @@ impl TestDB {
                 let infer = self.infer(f.into());
                 let mut sink = DiagnosticSink::new(&mut cb);
                 infer.add_diagnostics(self, f, &mut sink);
-                let mut validator = ExprValidator::new(f, infer, &mut sink);
+                let mut validator = ExprValidator::new(f, infer.clone(), &mut sink);
+                validator.validate_body(self);
+                let mut validator = UnsafeValidator::new(f, infer, &mut sink);
                 validator.validate_body(self);
             }
         }
@@ -149,6 +154,19 @@ impl TestDB {
         });
         (buf, count)
     }
+
+    pub fn all_files(&self) -> Vec<FileId> {
+        let mut res = Vec::new();
+        let crate_graph = self.crate_graph();
+        for krate in crate_graph.iter() {
+            let crate_def_map = self.crate_def_map(krate);
+            for (module_id, _) in crate_def_map.modules.iter() {
+                let file_id = crate_def_map[module_id].origin.file_id();
+                res.extend(file_id)
+            }
+        }
+        res
+    }
 }
 
 impl TestDB {
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests.rs
index 85ff26a36..5424e6bb1 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests.rs
@@ -17,17 +17,18 @@ use hir_def::{
     item_scope::ItemScope,
     keys,
     nameres::CrateDefMap,
-    AssocItemId, DefWithBodyId, LocalModuleId, Lookup, ModuleDefId, ModuleId,
+    AssocItemId, DefWithBodyId, LocalModuleId, Lookup, ModuleDefId,
 };
 use hir_expand::{db::AstDatabase, InFile};
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
-use ra_db::{fixture::WithFixture, salsa::Database, FilePosition, SourceDatabase};
+use ra_db::{fixture::WithFixture, salsa::Database, FileRange, SourceDatabase};
 use ra_syntax::{
     algo,
     ast::{self, AstNode},
     SyntaxNode,
 };
 use stdx::format_to;
+use test_utils::extract_annotations;
 
 use crate::{
     db::HirDatabase, display::HirDisplay, infer::TypeMismatch, test_db::TestDB, InferenceResult, Ty,
@@ -37,21 +38,38 @@ use crate::{
 // against snapshots of the expected results using insta. Use cargo-insta to
 // update the snapshots.
 
-fn type_at_pos(db: &TestDB, pos: FilePosition) -> String {
-    type_at_pos_displayed(db, pos, |ty, _| ty.display(db).to_string())
+fn check_types(ra_fixture: &str) {
+    check_types_impl(ra_fixture, false)
 }
 
-fn displayed_source_at_pos(db: &TestDB, pos: FilePosition) -> String {
-    type_at_pos_displayed(db, pos, |ty, module_id| ty.display_source_code(db, module_id).unwrap())
+fn check_types_source_code(ra_fixture: &str) {
+    check_types_impl(ra_fixture, true)
 }
 
-fn type_at_pos_displayed(
-    db: &TestDB,
-    pos: FilePosition,
-    display_fn: impl FnOnce(&Ty, ModuleId) -> String,
-) -> String {
+fn check_types_impl(ra_fixture: &str, display_source: bool) {
+    let db = TestDB::with_files(ra_fixture);
+    let mut checked_one = false;
+    for file_id in db.all_files() {
+        let text = db.parse(file_id).syntax_node().to_string();
+        let annotations = extract_annotations(&text);
+        for (range, expected) in annotations {
+            let ty = type_at_range(&db, FileRange { file_id, range });
+            let actual = if display_source {
+                let module = db.module_for_file(file_id);
+                ty.display_source_code(&db, module).unwrap()
+            } else {
+                ty.display(&db).to_string()
+            };
+            assert_eq!(expected, actual);
+            checked_one = true;
+        }
+    }
+    assert!(checked_one, "no `//^` annotations found");
+}
+
+fn type_at_range(db: &TestDB, pos: FileRange) -> Ty {
     let file = db.parse(pos.file_id).ok().unwrap();
-    let expr = algo::find_node_at_offset::<ast::Expr>(file.syntax(), pos.offset).unwrap();
+    let expr = algo::find_node_at_range::<ast::Expr>(file.syntax(), pos.range).unwrap();
     let fn_def = expr.syntax().ancestors().find_map(ast::FnDef::cast).unwrap();
     let module = db.module_for_file(pos.file_id);
     let func = *module.child_by_source(db)[keys::FUNCTION]
@@ -61,17 +79,11 @@ fn type_at_pos_displayed(
     let (_body, source_map) = db.body_with_source_map(func.into());
     if let Some(expr_id) = source_map.node_expr(InFile::new(pos.file_id.into(), &expr)) {
         let infer = db.infer(func.into());
-        let ty = &infer[expr_id];
-        return display_fn(ty, module);
+        return infer[expr_id].clone();
     }
     panic!("Can't find expression")
 }
 
-fn type_at(ra_fixture: &str) -> String {
-    let (db, file_pos) = TestDB::with_position(ra_fixture);
-    type_at_pos(&db, file_pos)
-}
-
 fn infer(ra_fixture: &str) -> String {
     infer_with_mismatches(ra_fixture, false)
 }
@@ -539,6 +551,155 @@ fn missing_record_pat_field_no_diagnostic_if_not_exhaustive() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+fn missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_raw_ptr() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+//- /lib.rs
+fn missing_unsafe() {
+    let x = &5 as *const usize;
+    let y = *x;
+}
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @r#""*x": This operation is unsafe and requires an unsafe function or block"#);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_unsafe_call() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+//- /lib.rs
+unsafe fn unsafe_fn() {
+    let x = &5 as *const usize;
+    let y = *x;
+}
+
+fn missing_unsafe() {
+    unsafe_fn();
+}
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @r#""unsafe_fn()": This operation is unsafe and requires an unsafe function or block"#);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_unsafe_method_call() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+struct HasUnsafe;
+
+impl HasUnsafe {
+    unsafe fn unsafe_fn(&self) {
+        let x = &5 as *const usize;
+        let y = *x;
+    }
+}
+
+fn missing_unsafe() {
+    HasUnsafe.unsafe_fn();
+}
+
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @r#""HasUnsafe.unsafe_fn()": This operation is unsafe and requires an unsafe function or block"#);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_raw_ptr_in_unsafe_block() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+fn nothing_to_see_move_along() {
+    let x = &5 as *const usize;
+    unsafe {
+        let y = *x;
+    }
+}
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @"");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_raw_ptr_outside_unsafe_block() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+fn nothing_to_see_move_along() {
+    let x = &5 as *const usize;
+    unsafe {
+        let y = *x;
+    }
+    let z = *x;
+}
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @r#""*x": This operation is unsafe and requires an unsafe function or block"#);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_unsafe_call_in_unsafe_block() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+unsafe fn unsafe_fn() {
+    let x = &5 as *const usize;
+    let y = *x;
+}
+
+fn nothing_to_see_move_along() {
+    unsafe {
+        unsafe_fn();
+    }
+}
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @"");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn no_missing_unsafe_diagnostic_with_unsafe_method_call_in_unsafe_block() {
+    let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
+        r"
+struct HasUnsafe;
+
+impl HasUnsafe {
+    unsafe fn unsafe_fn() {
+        let x = &5 as *const usize;
+        let y = *x;
+    }
+}
+
+fn nothing_to_see_move_along() {
+    unsafe {
+        HasUnsafe.unsafe_fn();
+    }
+}
+
+",
+    )
+    .diagnostics()
+    .0;
+
+    assert_snapshot!(diagnostics, @"");
+}
+
+#[test]
 fn break_outside_of_loop() {
     let diagnostics = TestDB::with_files(
         r"
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/coercion.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/coercion.rs
index 5a1c6ccc3..136d28a91 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/coercion.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/coercion.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-use super::infer_with_mismatches;
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
 use test_utils::mark;
 
+use super::infer_with_mismatches;
+
 // Infer with some common definitions and impls.
 fn infer(source: &str) -> String {
     let defs = r#"
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/display_source_code.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/display_source_code.rs
index 5dfa0a014..b502135d8 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/display_source_code.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/display_source_code.rs
@@ -1,50 +1,41 @@
-use super::displayed_source_at_pos;
-use crate::test_db::TestDB;
-use ra_db::fixture::WithFixture;
+use super::check_types_source_code;
 
 #[test]
 fn qualify_path_to_submodule() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types_source_code(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
-
 mod foo {
     pub struct Foo;
 }
 
 fn bar() {
     let foo: foo::Foo = foo::Foo;
-    foo<|>
-}
+    foo
+}  //^ foo::Foo
 
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("foo::Foo", displayed_source_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn omit_default_type_parameters() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
-        r"
-        //- /main.rs
-        struct Foo<T = u8> { t: T }
-        fn main() {
-            let foo = Foo { t: 5u8 };
-            foo<|>;
-        }
-        ",
+    check_types_source_code(
+        r#"
+struct Foo<T = u8> { t: T }
+fn main() {
+    let foo = Foo { t: 5u8 };
+    foo;
+}  //^ Foo
+"#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("Foo", displayed_source_at_pos(&db, pos));
 
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
-        r"
-        //- /main.rs
-        struct Foo<K, T = u8> { k: K, t: T }
-        fn main() {
-            let foo = Foo { k: 400, t: 5u8 };
-            foo<|>;
-        }
-        ",
+    check_types_source_code(
+        r#"
+struct Foo<K, T = u8> { k: K, t: T }
+fn main() {
+    let foo = Foo { k: 400, t: 5u8 };
+    foo;
+}   //^ Foo<i32>
+"#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("Foo<i32>", displayed_source_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/macros.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/macros.rs
index be2b48dcc..45c4e309e 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/macros.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/macros.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
 use std::fs;
 
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
-use ra_db::fixture::WithFixture;
 use test_utils::project_dir;
 
-use crate::test_db::TestDB;
-
-use super::{infer, type_at, type_at_pos};
+use super::{check_types, infer};
 
 #[test]
 fn cfg_impl_def() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:foo cfg:test
 use foo::S as T;
@@ -28,8 +25,8 @@ impl S {
 
 fn test() {
     let t = (S.foo1(), S.foo2(), T.foo3(), T.foo4());
-    t<|>;
-}
+    t;
+} //^ (i32, {unknown}, i32, {unknown})
 
 //- /foo.rs crate:foo
 struct S;
@@ -45,7 +42,6 @@ impl S {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("(i32, {unknown}, i32, {unknown})", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -253,26 +249,24 @@ fn foo() {
 
 #[test]
 fn processes_impls_generated_by_macros() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 macro_rules! m {
     ($ident:ident) => (impl Trait for $ident {})
 }
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128 {} }
 struct S;
 m!(S);
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_assoc_items_generated_by_macros() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 macro_rules! m {
     () => (fn foo(&self) -> u128 {0})
 }
@@ -281,17 +275,16 @@ impl S {
     m!();
 }
 
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_assoc_items_generated_by_macros_chain() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 macro_rules! m_inner {
     () => {fn foo(&self) -> u128 {0}}
 }
@@ -304,21 +297,21 @@ impl S {
     m!();
 }
 
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_macro_with_dollar_crate_is_correct_in_expr() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:foo
 fn test() {
     let x = (foo::foo!(1), foo::foo!(2));
-    x<|>;
-}
+    x;
+} //^ (i32, usize)
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:foo
 #[macro_export]
@@ -335,12 +328,11 @@ macro_rules! bar {
 pub fn baz() -> usize { 31usize }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("(i32, usize)", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_macro_with_dollar_crate_is_correct_in_trait_associate_type() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:foo
 use foo::Trait;
@@ -348,7 +340,8 @@ use foo::Trait;
 fn test() {
     let msg = foo::Message(foo::MessageRef);
     let r = msg.deref();
-    r<|>;
+    r;
+  //^ &MessageRef
 }
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:foo
@@ -375,7 +368,6 @@ macro_rules! expand {
 expand!();
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("&MessageRef", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -429,13 +421,13 @@ fn main() {
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_local_inner_macros() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:foo
 fn test() {
     let x = foo::foo!(1);
-    x<|>;
-}
+    x;
+} //^ i32
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:foo
 #[macro_export(local_inner_macros)]
@@ -450,7 +442,6 @@ macro_rules! bar {
 
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("i32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -531,7 +522,7 @@ fn main() {
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_builtin_macros_include() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 #[rustc_builtin_macro]
@@ -540,14 +531,13 @@ macro_rules! include {() => {}}
 include!("foo.rs");
 
 fn main() {
-    bar()<|>;
-}
+    bar();
+}     //^ u32
 
 //- /foo.rs
 fn bar() -> u32 {0}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("u32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -565,18 +555,17 @@ macro_rules! include {() => {}}
 include!("foo.rs");
 
 fn main() {
-    RegisterBlock { }<|>;
+    RegisterBlock { };
+                  //^ RegisterBlock
 }
     "#;
     let fixture = format!("{}\n//- /foo.rs\n{}", fixture, big_file);
-
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(&fixture);
-    assert_eq!("RegisterBlock", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
+    check_types(&fixture);
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_builtin_macros_include_concat() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 #[rustc_builtin_macro]
@@ -588,19 +577,18 @@ macro_rules! concat {() => {}}
 include!(concat!("f", "oo.rs"));
 
 fn main() {
-    bar()<|>;
-}
+    bar();
+}     //^ u32
 
 //- /foo.rs
 fn bar() -> u32 {0}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("u32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_builtin_macros_include_concat_with_bad_env_should_failed() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 #[rustc_builtin_macro]
@@ -615,32 +603,29 @@ macro_rules! env {() => {}}
 include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/foo.rs"));
 
 fn main() {
-    bar()<|>;
-}
+    bar();
+}     //^ {unknown}
 
 //- /foo.rs
 fn bar() -> u32 {0}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("{unknown}", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_builtin_macros_include_itself_should_failed() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[rustc_builtin_macro]
 macro_rules! include {() => {}}
 
 include!("main.rs");
 
 fn main() {
-    0<|>
-}
+    0
+} //^ i32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("i32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -686,14 +671,14 @@ fn main() {
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_derive_clone_simple() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct S;
 fn test() {
-    S.clone()<|>;
-}
+    S.clone();
+}         //^ S
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:core
 #[prelude_import]
@@ -705,12 +690,11 @@ mod clone {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("S", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_derive_clone_in_core() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /lib.rs crate:core
 #[prelude_import]
@@ -726,16 +710,15 @@ pub struct S;
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
 use core::S;
 fn test() {
-    S.clone()<|>;
-}
+    S.clone();
+}         //^ S
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("S", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_derive_clone_with_params() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
 #[derive(Clone)]
@@ -744,7 +727,8 @@ struct S;
 struct Wrapper<T>(T);
 struct NonClone;
 fn test() {
-    (Wrapper(S).clone(), Wrapper(NonClone).clone())<|>;
+    (Wrapper(S).clone(), Wrapper(NonClone).clone());
+  //^ (Wrapper<S>, {unknown})
 }
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:core
@@ -757,13 +741,12 @@ mod clone {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("(Wrapper<S>, {unknown})", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_custom_derive_simple() {
     // FIXME: this test current now do nothing
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main
 use foo::Foo;
@@ -772,11 +755,10 @@ use foo::Foo;
 struct S{}
 
 fn test() {
-    S{}<|>;
-}
+    S{};
+}   //^ S
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("S", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/method_resolution.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/method_resolution.rs
index 20329bae4..9c8f22314 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/method_resolution.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/method_resolution.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use super::{infer, type_at, type_at_pos};
-use crate::test_db::TestDB;
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
-use ra_db::fixture::WithFixture;
+
+use super::{check_types, infer};
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_slice_method() {
@@ -246,13 +245,13 @@ fn test() {
 
 #[test]
 fn cross_crate_associated_method_call() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:other_crate
 fn test() {
     let x = other_crate::foo::S::thing();
-    x<|>;
-}
+    x;
+} //^ i128
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:other_crate
 mod foo {
@@ -263,7 +262,6 @@ mod foo {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("i128", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -684,135 +682,127 @@ fn test() {
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_unify_impl_self_type() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct S<T>;
 impl S<u32> { fn foo(&self) -> u8 {} }
 impl S<i32> { fn foo(&self) -> i8 {} }
-fn test() { (S::<u32>.foo(), S::<i32>.foo())<|>; }
+fn test() { (S::<u32>.foo(), S::<i32>.foo()); }
+          //^ (u8, i8)
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "(u8, i8)");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_trait_before_autoref() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl S { fn foo(&self) -> i8 { 0 } }
 impl Trait for S { fn foo(self) -> u128 { 0 } }
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_by_value_before_autoref() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Clone { fn clone(&self) -> Self; }
 struct S;
 impl Clone for S {}
 impl Clone for &S {}
-fn test() { (S.clone(), (&S).clone(), (&&S).clone())<|>; }
+fn test() { (S.clone(), (&S).clone(), (&&S).clone()); }
+          //^ (S, S, &S)
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "(S, S, &S)");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_trait_before_autoderef() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl S { fn foo(self) -> i8 { 0 } }
 impl Trait for &S { fn foo(self) -> u128 { 0 } }
-fn test() { (&S).foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { (&S).foo(); }
+                   //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_impl_before_trait() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl S { fn foo(self) -> i8 { 0 } }
 impl Trait for S { fn foo(self) -> u128 { 0 } }
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ i8
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "i8");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_impl_ref_before_trait() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl S { fn foo(&self) -> i8 { 0 } }
 impl Trait for &S { fn foo(self) -> u128 { 0 } }
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ i8
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "i8");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_trait_autoderef() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl Trait for S { fn foo(self) -> u128 { 0 } }
-fn test() { (&S).foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { (&S).foo(); }
+                   //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_unsize_array() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[lang = "slice"]
 impl<T> [T] {
     fn len(&self) -> usize { loop {} }
 }
 fn test() {
     let a = [1, 2, 3];
-    a.len()<|>;
-}
+    a.len();
+}       //^ usize
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "usize");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_trait_from_prelude() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:other_crate
 struct S;
 impl Clone for S {}
 
 fn test() {
-    S.clone()<|>;
+    S.clone();
+          //^ S
 }
 
 //- /lib.rs crate:other_crate
@@ -825,115 +815,107 @@ mod foo {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("S", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_where_clause_for_unknown_trait() {
     // The blanket impl currently applies because we ignore the unresolved where clause
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl<T> Trait for T where T: UnknownTrait {}
-fn test() { (&S).foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { (&S).foo(); }
+                   //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_where_clause_not_met() {
     // The blanket impl shouldn't apply because we can't prove S: Clone
-    let t = type_at(
+    // This is also to make sure that we don't resolve to the foo method just
+    // because that's the only method named foo we can find, which would make
+    // the below tests not work
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Clone {}
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl<T> Trait for T where T: Clone {}
-fn test() { (&S).foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { (&S).foo(); }
+                   //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    // This is also to make sure that we don't resolve to the foo method just
-    // because that's the only method named foo we can find, which would make
-    // the below tests not work
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_where_clause_inline_not_met() {
     // The blanket impl shouldn't apply because we can't prove S: Clone
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Clone {}
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl<T: Clone> Trait for T {}
-fn test() { (&S).foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { (&S).foo(); }
+                   //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_where_clause_1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Clone {}
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl Clone for S {}
 impl<T> Trait for T where T: Clone {}
-fn test() { S.foo()<|>; }
+fn test() { S.foo(); }
+                //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_where_clause_2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Into<T> { fn into(self) -> T; }
 trait From<T> { fn from(other: T) -> Self; }
 struct S1;
 struct S2;
 impl From<S2> for S1 {}
 impl<T, U> Into<U> for T where U: From<T> {}
-fn test() { S2.into()<|>; }
+fn test() { S2.into(); }
+                  //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_where_clause_inline() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Into<T> { fn into(self) -> T; }
 trait From<T> { fn from(other: T) -> Self; }
 struct S1;
 struct S2;
 impl From<S2> for S1 {}
 impl<T, U: From<T>> Into<U> for T {}
-fn test() { S2.into()<|>; }
+fn test() { S2.into(); }
+                  //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_overloaded_method() {
     test_utils::mark::check!(impl_self_type_match_without_receiver);
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct Wrapper<T>(T);
 struct Foo<T>(T);
 struct Bar<T>(T);
@@ -953,30 +935,30 @@ impl<T> Wrapper<Bar<T>> {
 fn main() {
     let a = Wrapper::<Foo<f32>>::new(1.0);
     let b = Wrapper::<Bar<f32>>::new(1.0);
-    (a, b)<|>;
+    (a, b);
+  //^ (Wrapper<Foo<f32>>, Wrapper<Bar<f32>>)
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "(Wrapper<Foo<f32>>, Wrapper<Bar<f32>>)")
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_encountering_fn_type() {
-    type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 fn foo() {}
 trait FnOnce { fn call(self); }
-fn test() { foo.call()<|>; }
+fn test() { foo.call(); }
+                   //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_non_parameter_type() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 mod a {
     pub trait Foo {
         fn foo(&self);
@@ -988,18 +970,16 @@ fn foo<T>(t: Wrapper<T>)
 where
     Wrapper<T>: a::Foo,
 {
-    t.foo()<|>;
-}
+    t.foo();
+}       //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_3373() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct A<T>(T);
 
 impl A<i32> {
@@ -1007,19 +987,17 @@ impl A<i32> {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    A::from(3)<|>;
-}
+    A::from(3);
+}          //^ A<i32>
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "A<i32>");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn method_resolution_slow() {
     // this can get quite slow if we set the solver size limit too high
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait SendX {}
 
 struct S1; impl SendX for S1 {}
@@ -1037,10 +1015,10 @@ trait FnX {}
 
 impl<B, C> Trait for S<B, C> where C: FnX, B: SendX {}
 
-fn test() { (S {}).method()<|>; }
+fn test() { (S {}).method(); }
+                        //^ ()
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "()");
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/never_type.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/never_type.rs
index ab9a990f5..64d421d40 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/never_type.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/never_type.rs
@@ -1,99 +1,91 @@
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
 
-use super::{infer_with_mismatches, type_at};
+use super::{check_types, infer_with_mismatches};
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_never1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test() {
     let t = return;
-    t<|>;
-}
+    t;
+} //^ !
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "!");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_never2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn gen<T>() -> T { loop {} }
 
 fn test() {
     let a = gen();
     if false { a } else { loop {} };
-    a<|>;
-}
+    a;
+} //^ !
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "!");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_never3() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn gen<T>() -> T { loop {} }
 
 fn test() {
     let a = gen();
     if false { loop {} } else { a };
-    a<|>;
+    a;
+  //^ !
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "!");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn never_type_in_generic_args() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 enum Option<T> { None, Some(T) }
 
 fn test() {
     let a = if true { Option::None } else { Option::Some(return) };
-    a<|>;
-}
+    a;
+} //^ Option<!>
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "Option<!>");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn never_type_can_be_reinferred1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn gen<T>() -> T { loop {} }
 
 fn test() {
     let a = gen();
     if false { loop {} } else { a };
-    a<|>;
+    a;
+  //^ ()
     if false { a };
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "()");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn never_type_can_be_reinferred2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 enum Option<T> { None, Some(T) }
 
 fn test() {
     let a = if true { Option::None } else { Option::Some(return) };
-    a<|>;
+    a;
+  //^ Option<i32>
     match 42 {
         42 => a,
         _ => Option::Some(42),
@@ -101,19 +93,18 @@ fn test() {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "Option<i32>");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn never_type_can_be_reinferred3() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 enum Option<T> { None, Some(T) }
 
 fn test() {
     let a = if true { Option::None } else { Option::Some(return) };
-    a<|>;
+    a;
+  //^ Option<&str>
     match 42 {
         42 => a,
         _ => Option::Some("str"),
@@ -121,82 +112,72 @@ fn test() {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "Option<&str>");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn match_no_arm() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 enum Void {}
 
 fn test(a: Void) {
     let t = match a {};
-    t<|>;
-}
+    t;
+} //^ !
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "!");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn match_unknown_arm() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test(a: Option) {
     let t = match 0 {
         _ => unknown,
     };
-    t<|>;
-}
+    t;
+} //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn if_never() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test() {
     let i = if true {
         loop {}
     } else {
         3.0
     };
-    i<|>;
-}
+    i;
+} //^ f64
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "f64");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn if_else_never() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test(input: bool) {
     let i = if input {
         2.0
     } else {
         return
     };
-    i<|>;
-}
+    i;
+} //^ f64
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "f64");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn match_first_arm_never() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test(a: i32) {
     let i = match a {
         1 => return,
@@ -204,18 +185,16 @@ fn test(a: i32) {
         3 => loop {},
         _ => 3.0,
     };
-    i<|>;
-}
+    i;
+} //^ f64
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "f64");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn match_second_arm_never() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test(a: i32) {
     let i = match a {
         1 => 3.0,
@@ -223,45 +202,40 @@ fn test(a: i32) {
         3 => 3.0,
         _ => return,
     };
-    i<|>;
-}
+    i;
+} //^ f64
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "f64");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn match_all_arms_never() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test(a: i32) {
     let i = match a {
         2 => return,
         _ => loop {},
     };
-    i<|>;
-}
+    i;
+} //^ !
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "!");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn match_no_never_arms() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 fn test(a: i32) {
     let i = match a {
         2 => 2.0,
         _ => 3.0,
     };
-    i<|>;
-}
+    i;
+} //^ f64
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "f64");
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/regression.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/regression.rs
index aa37326df..d806e0ffb 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/regression.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/regression.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
-use ra_db::fixture::WithFixture;
 use test_utils::mark;
 
-use crate::test_db::TestDB;
-
-use super::infer;
+use super::{check_types, infer};
 
 #[test]
 fn bug_484() {
@@ -404,13 +401,13 @@ fn test() {
 
 #[test]
 fn issue_2683_chars_impl() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
 fn test() {
     let chars: std::str::Chars<'_>;
-    (chars.next(), chars.nth(1))<|>;
-}
+    (chars.next(), chars.nth(1));
+} //^ (Option<char>, Option<char>)
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
 #[prelude_import]
@@ -449,15 +446,12 @@ pub mod str {
 }
 "#,
     );
-
-    assert_eq!("(Option<char>, Option<char>)", super::type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn issue_3642_bad_macro_stackover() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! match_ast {
     (match $node:ident { $($tt:tt)* }) => { match_ast!(match ($node) { $($tt)* }) };
@@ -472,7 +466,8 @@ macro_rules! match_ast {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    let anchor<|> = match_ast! {
+    let anchor = match_ast! {
+       //^ ()
         match parent {
             as => {},
             _ => return None
@@ -480,8 +475,6 @@ fn main() {
     };
 }"#,
     );
-
-    assert_eq!("()", super::type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/simple.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/simple.rs
index 7d8197f8b..de63f4cce 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/simple.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/simple.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
-use super::{infer, type_at, type_at_pos};
-use crate::test_db::TestDB;
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
-use ra_db::fixture::WithFixture;
+
+use super::{check_types, infer};
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_box() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-
 fn test() {
     let x = box 1;
     let t = (x, box x, box &1, box [1]);
-    t<|>;
-}
+    t;
+} //^ (Box<i32>, Box<Box<i32>>, Box<&i32>, Box<[i32; _]>)
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
 #[prelude_import] use prelude::*;
@@ -25,29 +23,24 @@ mod boxed {
         inner: *mut T,
     }
 }
-
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("(Box<i32>, Box<Box<i32>>, Box<&i32>, Box<[i32; _]>)", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_adt_self() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 enum Nat { Succ(Self), Demo(Nat), Zero }
 
 fn test() {
     let foo: Nat = Nat::Zero;
     if let Nat::Succ(x) = foo {
-        x<|>
-    }
+        x
+    } //^ Nat
 }
-
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("Nat", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -93,7 +86,7 @@ fn foo() {
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_ranges() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
 fn test() {
@@ -105,8 +98,8 @@ fn test() {
     let f = 'a'..='z';
 
     let t = (a, b, c, d, e, f);
-    t<|>;
-}
+    t;
+} //^ (RangeFull, RangeFrom<i32>, RangeTo<u32>, Range<usize>, RangeToInclusive<i32>, RangeInclusive<char>)
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
 #[prelude_import] use prelude::*;
@@ -135,29 +128,22 @@ pub mod ops {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(
-        "(RangeFull, RangeFrom<i32>, RangeTo<u32>, Range<usize>, RangeToInclusive<i32>, RangeInclusive<char>)",
-        type_at_pos(&db, pos),
-    );
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_while_let() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 enum Option<T> { Some(T), None }
 
 fn test() {
     let foo: Option<f32> = None;
     while let Option::Some(x) = foo {
-        <|>x
-    }
+        x
+    } //^ f32
 }
-
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("f32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -1687,9 +1673,8 @@ fn test() {
 
 #[test]
 fn shadowing_primitive() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct i32;
 struct Foo;
 
@@ -1697,15 +1682,15 @@ impl i32 { fn foo(&self) -> Foo { Foo } }
 
 fn main() {
     let x: i32 = i32;
-    x.foo()<|>;
+    x.foo();
+        //^ Foo
 }"#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "Foo");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn not_shadowing_primitive_by_module() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /str.rs
 fn foo() {}
@@ -1715,15 +1700,15 @@ mod str;
 fn foo() -> &'static str { "" }
 
 fn main() {
-    foo()<|>;
+    foo();
+      //^ &str
 }"#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "&str");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn not_shadowing_module_by_primitive() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /str.rs
 fn foo() -> u32 {0}
@@ -1733,10 +1718,10 @@ mod str;
 fn foo() -> &'static str { "" }
 
 fn main() {
-    str::foo()<|>;
+    str::foo();
+           //^ u32
 }"#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 // This test is actually testing the shadowing behavior within ra_hir_def. It
@@ -1744,27 +1729,7 @@ fn main() {
 // capable of asserting the necessary conditions.
 #[test]
 fn should_be_shadowing_imports() {
-    let t = type_at(
-        r#"
-mod a {
-    pub fn foo() -> i8 {0}
-    pub struct foo { a: i8 }
-}
-mod b { pub fn foo () -> u8 {0} }
-mod c { pub struct foo { a: u8 } }
-mod d {
-    pub use super::a::*;
-    pub use super::c::foo;
-    pub use super::b::foo;
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    d::foo()<|>;
-}"#,
-    );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u8");
-
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 mod a {
     pub fn foo() -> i8 {0}
@@ -1779,10 +1744,12 @@ mod d {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    d::foo{a:0<|>};
+    d::foo();
+         //^ u8
+    d::foo{a:0};
+           //^ u8
 }"#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u8");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -1880,6 +1847,7 @@ fn main() {
         @r###"
     10..130 '{     ...2 }; }': ()
     20..21 'x': i32
+    24..37 'unsafe { 92 }': i32
     31..37 '{ 92 }': i32
     33..35 '92': i32
     47..48 'y': {unknown}
@@ -2151,3 +2119,48 @@ fn test() {
     "###
     );
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn generic_default_depending_on_other_type_arg() {
+    assert_snapshot!(
+        infer(r#"
+struct Thing<T = u128, F = fn() -> T> { t: T }
+
+fn test(t1: Thing<u32>, t2: Thing) {
+    t1;
+    t2;
+    Thing::<_> { t: 1u32 };
+}
+"#),
+        // FIXME: the {unknown} is a bug
+        @r###"
+    56..58 't1': Thing<u32, fn() -> u32>
+    72..74 't2': Thing<u128, fn() -> u128>
+    83..130 '{     ...2 }; }': ()
+    89..91 't1': Thing<u32, fn() -> u32>
+    97..99 't2': Thing<u128, fn() -> u128>
+    105..127 'Thing:...1u32 }': Thing<u32, fn() -> {unknown}>
+    121..125 '1u32': u32
+    "###
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn generic_default_depending_on_other_type_arg_forward() {
+    assert_snapshot!(
+        infer(r#"
+struct Thing<F = fn() -> T, T = u128> { t: T }
+
+fn test(t1: Thing) {
+    t1;
+}
+"#),
+        // the {unknown} here is intentional, as defaults are not allowed to
+        // refer to type parameters coming later
+        @r###"
+    56..58 't1': Thing<fn() -> {unknown}, u128>
+    67..78 '{     t1; }': ()
+    73..75 't1': Thing<fn() -> {unknown}, u128>
+    "###
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/traits.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/traits.rs
index 71c0c2d27..01c919a7e 100644
--- a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/traits.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/traits.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
 use insta::assert_snapshot;
-use ra_db::fixture::WithFixture;
 use test_utils::mark;
 
-use crate::test_db::TestDB;
-
-use super::{infer, infer_with_mismatches, type_at, type_at_pos};
+use super::{check_types, infer, infer_with_mismatches};
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_await() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
-
 struct IntFuture;
 
 impl Future for IntFuture {
@@ -21,8 +17,8 @@ impl Future for IntFuture {
 fn test() {
     let r = IntFuture;
     let v = r.await;
-    v<|>;
-}
+    v;
+} //^ u64
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
 #[prelude_import] use future::*;
@@ -32,18 +28,15 @@ mod future {
         type Output;
     }
 }
-
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("u64", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_async() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
-
 async fn foo() -> u64 {
     128
 }
@@ -51,8 +44,8 @@ async fn foo() -> u64 {
 fn test() {
     let r = foo();
     let v = r.await;
-    v<|>;
-}
+    v;
+} //^ u64
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
 #[prelude_import] use future::*;
@@ -62,26 +55,23 @@ mod future {
         type Output;
     }
 }
-
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("u64", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_desugar_async() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
-
 async fn foo() -> u64 {
     128
 }
 
 fn test() {
     let r = foo();
-    r<|>;
-}
+    r;
+} //^ impl Future<Output = u64>
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
 #[prelude_import] use future::*;
@@ -93,23 +83,20 @@ mod future {
 
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("impl Future<Output = u64>", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_try() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
-
 fn test() {
     let r: Result<i32, u64> = Result::Ok(1);
     let v = r?;
-    v<|>;
-}
+    v;
+} //^ i32
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
-
 #[prelude_import] use ops::*;
 mod ops {
     trait Try {
@@ -130,30 +117,26 @@ mod result {
         type Error = E;
     }
 }
-
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("i32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_for_loop() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core,alloc
-
 use alloc::collections::Vec;
 
 fn test() {
     let v = Vec::new();
     v.push("foo");
     for x in v {
-        x<|>;
-    }
+        x;
+    } //^ &str
 }
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
-
 #[prelude_import] use iter::*;
 mod iter {
     trait IntoIterator {
@@ -162,7 +145,6 @@ mod iter {
 }
 
 //- /alloc.rs crate:alloc deps:core
-
 mod collections {
     struct Vec<T> {}
     impl<T> Vec<T> {
@@ -176,15 +158,13 @@ mod collections {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("&str", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_ops_neg() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-
 struct Bar;
 struct Foo;
 
@@ -195,11 +175,10 @@ impl std::ops::Neg for Bar {
 fn test() {
     let a = Bar;
     let b = -a;
-    b<|>;
-}
+    b;
+} //^ Foo
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
-
 #[prelude_import] use ops::*;
 mod ops {
     #[lang = "neg"]
@@ -209,15 +188,13 @@ mod ops {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("Foo", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_ops_not() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-
 struct Bar;
 struct Foo;
 
@@ -228,11 +205,10 @@ impl std::ops::Not for Bar {
 fn test() {
     let a = Bar;
     let b = !a;
-    b<|>;
-}
+    b;
+} //^ Foo
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
-
 #[prelude_import] use ops::*;
 mod ops {
     #[lang = "not"]
@@ -242,7 +218,6 @@ mod ops {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("Foo", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -537,10 +512,9 @@ fn indexing_arrays() {
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_ops_index() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
-
 struct Bar;
 struct Foo;
 
@@ -551,11 +525,10 @@ impl std::ops::Index<u32> for Bar {
 fn test() {
     let a = Bar;
     let b = a[1u32];
-    b<|>;
-}
+    b;
+} //^ Foo
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
-
 #[prelude_import] use ops::*;
 mod ops {
     #[lang = "index"]
@@ -565,19 +538,18 @@ mod ops {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("Foo", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn infer_ops_index_autoderef() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
 fn test() {
     let a = &[1u32, 2, 3];
     let b = a[1u32];
-    b<|>;
-}
+    b;
+} //^ u32
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
 impl<T> ops::Index<u32> for [T] {
@@ -593,14 +565,12 @@ mod ops {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("u32", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn deref_trait() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[lang = "deref"]
 trait Deref {
     type Target;
@@ -618,16 +588,15 @@ impl S {
 }
 
 fn test(s: Arc<S>) {
-    (*s, s.foo())<|>;
-}
+    (*s, s.foo());
+} //^ (S, u128)
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "(S, u128)");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn deref_trait_with_inference_var() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 #[lang = "deref"]
@@ -647,19 +616,18 @@ fn foo(a: Arc<S>) {}
 
 fn test() {
     let a = new_arc();
-    let b = (*a)<|>;
+    let b = (*a);
+          //^ S
     foo(a);
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "S");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn deref_trait_infinite_recursion() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[lang = "deref"]
 trait Deref {
     type Target;
@@ -673,18 +641,16 @@ impl Deref for S {
 }
 
 fn test(s: S) {
-    s.foo()<|>;
-}
+    s.foo();
+}       //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn deref_trait_with_question_mark_size() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[lang = "deref"]
 trait Deref {
     type Target;
@@ -702,18 +668,16 @@ impl S {
 }
 
 fn test(s: Arc<S>) {
-    (*s, s.foo())<|>;
-}
+    (*s, s.foo());
+} //^ (S, u128)
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "(S, u128)");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn obligation_from_function_clause() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct S;
 
 trait Trait<T> {}
@@ -722,16 +686,15 @@ impl Trait<u32> for S {}
 fn foo<T: Trait<U>, U>(t: T) -> U {}
 
 fn test(s: S) {
-    foo(s)<|>;
-}
+    (foo(s));
+} //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn obligation_from_method_clause() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 struct S;
@@ -745,18 +708,16 @@ impl O {
 }
 
 fn test() {
-    O.foo(S)<|>;
-}
+    O.foo(S);
+}      //^ isize
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "isize");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn obligation_from_self_method_clause() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct S;
 
 trait Trait<T> {}
@@ -767,18 +728,16 @@ impl S {
 }
 
 fn test() {
-    S.foo()<|>;
-}
+    S.foo();
+}       //^ i64
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "i64");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn obligation_from_impl_clause() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct S;
 
 trait Trait<T> {}
@@ -790,32 +749,30 @@ impl<U, T: Trait<U>> O<T> {
 }
 
 fn test(o: O<S>) {
-    o.foo()<|>;
-}
+    o.foo();
+}       //^ &str
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "&str");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn generic_param_env_1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Clone {}
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl Clone for S {}
 impl<T> Trait for T where T: Clone {}
-fn test<T: Clone>(t: T) { t.foo()<|>; }
+fn test<T: Clone>(t: T) { t.foo(); }
+                             //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn generic_param_env_1_not_met() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 trait Clone {}
@@ -823,45 +780,42 @@ trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl Clone for S {}
 impl<T> Trait for T where T: Clone {}
-fn test<T>(t: T) { t.foo()<|>; }
+fn test<T>(t: T) { t.foo(); }
+                       //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn generic_param_env_2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl Trait for S {}
-fn test<T: Trait>(t: T) { t.foo()<|>; }
+fn test<T: Trait>(t: T) { t.foo(); }
+                              //^ u128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn generic_param_env_2_not_met() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait { fn foo(self) -> u128; }
 struct S;
 impl Trait for S {}
-fn test<T>(t: T) { t.foo()<|>; }
+fn test<T>(t: T) { t.foo(); }
+                       //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn generic_param_env_deref() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 #[lang = "deref"]
 trait Deref {
     type Target;
@@ -870,17 +824,17 @@ trait Trait {}
 impl<T> Deref for T where T: Trait {
     type Target = i128;
 }
-fn test<T: Trait>(t: T) { (*t)<|>; }
+fn test<T: Trait>(t: T) { (*t); }
+                        //^ i128
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "i128");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn associated_type_placeholder() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    // inside the generic function, the associated type gets normalized to a placeholder `ApplL::Out<T>` [https://rust-lang.github.io/rustc-guide/traits/associated-types.html#placeholder-associated-types].
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 pub trait ApplyL {
     type Out;
 }
@@ -893,19 +847,16 @@ impl<T> ApplyL for RefMutL<T> {
 
 fn test<T: ApplyL>() {
     let y: <RefMutL<T> as ApplyL>::Out = no_matter;
-    y<|>;
-}
+    y;
+} //^ ApplyL::Out<T>
 "#,
     );
-    // inside the generic function, the associated type gets normalized to a placeholder `ApplL::Out<T>` [https://rust-lang.github.io/rustc-guide/traits/associated-types.html#placeholder-associated-types].
-    assert_eq!(t, "ApplyL::Out<T>");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn associated_type_placeholder_2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 pub trait ApplyL {
     type Out;
 }
@@ -913,11 +864,10 @@ fn foo<T: ApplyL>(t: T) -> <T as ApplyL>::Out;
 
 fn test<T: ApplyL>(t: T) {
     let y = foo(t);
-    y<|>;
-}
+    y;
+} //^ ApplyL::Out<T>
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "ApplyL::Out<T>");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -1398,19 +1348,17 @@ fn test(a: impl Trait + 'lifetime, b: impl 'lifetime, c: impl (Trait), d: impl (
 #[test]
 #[ignore]
 fn error_bound_chalk() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait {
     fn foo(&self) -> u32 {}
 }
 
 fn test(x: (impl Trait + UnknownTrait)) {
-    x.foo()<|>;
-}
+    x.foo();
+}       //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -1480,7 +1428,7 @@ fn test<T: Trait<Type = u32>>(x: T, y: impl Trait<Type = i64>) {
 
 #[test]
 fn impl_trait_assoc_binding_projection_bug() {
-    let (db, pos) = TestDB::with_position(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:std
 pub trait Language {
@@ -1499,8 +1447,8 @@ trait Clone {
 
 fn api_walkthrough() {
     for node in foo() {
-        node.clone()<|>;
-    }
+        node.clone();
+    }            //^ {unknown}
 }
 
 //- /std.rs crate:std
@@ -1518,7 +1466,6 @@ mod iter {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!("{unknown}", type_at_pos(&db, pos));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -1549,9 +1496,8 @@ fn test<T: Trait1<Type = u32>>(x: T) {
 
 #[test]
 fn where_clause_trait_in_scope_for_method_resolution() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 mod foo {
     trait Trait {
         fn foo(&self) -> u32 {}
@@ -1559,11 +1505,10 @@ mod foo {
 }
 
 fn test<T: foo::Trait>(x: T) {
-    x.foo()<|>;
-}
+    x.foo();
+}      //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -2012,7 +1957,7 @@ fn test() {
 
 #[test]
 fn unselected_projection_in_trait_env_1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 trait Trait {
@@ -2025,18 +1970,16 @@ trait Trait2 {
 
 fn test<T: Trait>() where T::Item: Trait2 {
     let x: T::Item = no_matter;
-    x.foo()<|>;
-}
+    x.foo();
+}       //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn unselected_projection_in_trait_env_2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait<T> {
     type Item;
 }
@@ -2047,11 +1990,10 @@ trait Trait2 {
 
 fn test<T, U>() where T::Item: Trait2, T: Trait<U::Item>, U: Trait<()> {
     let x: T::Item = no_matter;
-    x.foo()<|>;
-}
+    x.foo();
+}       //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -2097,9 +2039,8 @@ impl Trait for S2 {
 
 #[test]
 fn unselected_projection_on_trait_self() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait {
     type Item;
 
@@ -2112,18 +2053,16 @@ impl Trait for S {
 }
 
 fn test() {
-    S.f()<|>;
-}
+    S.f();
+}     //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn unselected_projection_chalk_fold() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Interner {}
 trait Fold<I: Interner, TI = I> {
     type Result;
@@ -2142,18 +2081,16 @@ where
 }
 
 fn foo<I: Interner>(interner: &I, t: Ty<I>) {
-    fold(interner, t)<|>;
-}
+    fold(interner, t);
+}     //^ Ty<I>
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "Ty<I>");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn trait_impl_self_ty() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait<T> {
    fn foo(&self);
 }
@@ -2163,18 +2100,16 @@ struct S;
 impl Trait<Self> for S {}
 
 fn test() {
-    S.foo()<|>;
-}
+    S.foo();
+}       //^ ()
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "()");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn trait_impl_self_ty_cycle() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait {
    fn foo(&self);
 }
@@ -2184,18 +2119,17 @@ struct S<T>;
 impl Trait for S<Self> {}
 
 fn test() {
-    S.foo()<|>;
-}
+    S.foo();
+}       //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn unselected_projection_in_trait_env_cycle_1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    // this is a legitimate cycle
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Trait {
     type Item;
 }
@@ -2203,17 +2137,16 @@ trait Trait {
 trait Trait2<T> {}
 
 fn test<T: Trait>() where T: Trait2<T::Item> {
-    let x: T::Item = no_matter<|>;
-}
+    let x: T::Item = no_matter;
+}                       //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    // this is a legitimate cycle
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn unselected_projection_in_trait_env_cycle_2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    // this is a legitimate cycle
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs
 trait Trait<T> {
@@ -2221,19 +2154,16 @@ trait Trait<T> {
 }
 
 fn test<T, U>() where T: Trait<U::Item>, U: Trait<T::Item> {
-    let x: T::Item = no_matter<|>;
-}
+    let x: T::Item = no_matter;
+}                   //^ {unknown}
 "#,
     );
-    // this is a legitimate cycle
-    assert_eq!(t, "{unknown}");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn inline_assoc_type_bounds_1() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Iterator {
     type Item;
 }
@@ -2249,29 +2179,26 @@ impl<T: Iterator> Iterator for S<T> {
 
 fn test<I: Iterator<Item: OtherTrait<u32>>>() {
     let x: <S<I> as Iterator>::Item;
-    x.foo()<|>;
-}
+    x.foo();
+}       //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn inline_assoc_type_bounds_2() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 trait Iterator {
     type Item;
 }
 
 fn test<I: Iterator<Item: Iterator<Item = u32>>>() {
     let x: <<I as Iterator>::Item as Iterator>::Item;
-    x<|>;
-}
+    x;
+} //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -2445,9 +2372,8 @@ fn main() {
 
 #[test]
 fn associated_type_bound() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 pub trait Trait {
     type Item: OtherTrait<u32>;
 }
@@ -2463,18 +2389,16 @@ impl<T: Trait> Trait for S<T> {
 
 fn test<T: Trait>() {
     let y: <S<T> as Trait>::Item = no_matter;
-    y.foo()<|>;
-}
+    y.foo();
+}       //^ u32
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "u32");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn dyn_trait_through_chalk() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct Box<T> {}
 #[lang = "deref"]
 trait Deref {
@@ -2488,18 +2412,16 @@ trait Trait {
 }
 
 fn test(x: Box<dyn Trait>) {
-    x.foo()<|>;
-}
+    x.foo();
+}       //^ ()
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "()");
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn string_to_owned() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct String {}
 pub trait ToOwned {
     type Owned;
@@ -2509,11 +2431,10 @@ impl ToOwned for str {
     type Owned = String;
 }
 fn test() {
-    "foo".to_owned()<|>;
-}
+    "foo".to_owned();
+}               //^ String
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "String");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -2637,9 +2558,8 @@ fn main() {
 
 #[test]
 fn nested_assoc() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
-//- /main.rs
 struct Bar;
 struct Foo;
 
@@ -2662,11 +2582,10 @@ impl<T:A> B for T {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    Bar::foo()<|>;
-}
+    Bar::foo();
+}          //^ Foo
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "Foo");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -2846,12 +2765,12 @@ fn test() {
 
 #[test]
 fn integer_range_iterate() {
-    let t = type_at(
+    check_types(
         r#"
 //- /main.rs crate:main deps:core
 fn test() {
-    for x in 0..100 { x<|>; }
-}
+    for x in 0..100 { x; }
+}                   //^ i32
 
 //- /core.rs crate:core
 pub mod ops {
@@ -2886,7 +2805,6 @@ impl<A: Step> iter::Iterator for ops::Range<A> {
 }
 "#,
     );
-    assert_eq!(t, "i32");
 }
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/unsafe_validation.rs b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/unsafe_validation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c512c4f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ra_hir_ty/src/unsafe_validation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+//! Provides validations for unsafe code. Currently checks if unsafe functions are missing
+//! unsafe blocks.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use hir_def::{
+    body::Body,
+    expr::{Expr, ExprId, UnaryOp},
+    DefWithBodyId, FunctionId,
+};
+use hir_expand::diagnostics::DiagnosticSink;
+
+use crate::{
+    db::HirDatabase, diagnostics::MissingUnsafe, lower::CallableDef, ApplicationTy,
+    InferenceResult, Ty, TypeCtor,
+};
+
+pub struct UnsafeValidator<'a, 'b: 'a> {
+    func: FunctionId,
+    infer: Arc<InferenceResult>,
+    sink: &'a mut DiagnosticSink<'b>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'b> UnsafeValidator<'a, 'b> {
+    pub fn new(
+        func: FunctionId,
+        infer: Arc<InferenceResult>,
+        sink: &'a mut DiagnosticSink<'b>,
+    ) -> UnsafeValidator<'a, 'b> {
+        UnsafeValidator { func, infer, sink }
+    }
+
+    pub fn validate_body(&mut self, db: &dyn HirDatabase) {
+        let def = self.func.into();
+        let unsafe_expressions = unsafe_expressions(db, self.infer.as_ref(), def);
+        let func_data = db.function_data(self.func);
+        if func_data.is_unsafe
+            || unsafe_expressions
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|unsafe_expr| !unsafe_expr.inside_unsafe_block)
+                .count()
+                == 0
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let (_, body_source) = db.body_with_source_map(def);
+        for unsafe_expr in unsafe_expressions {
+            if !unsafe_expr.inside_unsafe_block {
+                if let Ok(in_file) = body_source.as_ref().expr_syntax(unsafe_expr.expr) {
+                    self.sink.push(MissingUnsafe { file: in_file.file_id, expr: in_file.value })
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct UnsafeExpr {
+    pub expr: ExprId,
+    pub inside_unsafe_block: bool,
+}
+
+pub fn unsafe_expressions(
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    infer: &InferenceResult,
+    def: DefWithBodyId,
+) -> Vec<UnsafeExpr> {
+    let mut unsafe_exprs = vec![];
+    let body = db.body(def);
+    walk_unsafe(&mut unsafe_exprs, db, infer, &body, body.body_expr, false);
+
+    unsafe_exprs
+}
+
+fn walk_unsafe(
+    unsafe_exprs: &mut Vec<UnsafeExpr>,
+    db: &dyn HirDatabase,
+    infer: &InferenceResult,
+    body: &Body,
+    current: ExprId,
+    inside_unsafe_block: bool,
+) {
+    let expr = &body.exprs[current];
+    match expr {
+        Expr::Call { callee, .. } => {
+            let ty = &infer[*callee];
+            if let &Ty::Apply(ApplicationTy {
+                ctor: TypeCtor::FnDef(CallableDef::FunctionId(func)),
+                ..
+            }) = ty
+            {
+                if db.function_data(func).is_unsafe {
+                    unsafe_exprs.push(UnsafeExpr { expr: current, inside_unsafe_block });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::MethodCall { .. } => {
+            if infer
+                .method_resolution(current)
+                .map(|func| db.function_data(func).is_unsafe)
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+            {
+                unsafe_exprs.push(UnsafeExpr { expr: current, inside_unsafe_block });
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::UnaryOp { expr, op: UnaryOp::Deref } => {
+            if let Ty::Apply(ApplicationTy { ctor: TypeCtor::RawPtr(..), .. }) = &infer[*expr] {
+                unsafe_exprs.push(UnsafeExpr { expr: current, inside_unsafe_block });
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Unsafe { body: child } => {
+            return walk_unsafe(unsafe_exprs, db, infer, body, *child, true);
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    expr.walk_child_exprs(|child| {
+        walk_unsafe(unsafe_exprs, db, infer, body, child, inside_unsafe_block);
+    });
+}
diff --git a/crates/ra_ide/src/inlay_hints.rs b/crates/ra_ide/src/inlay_hints.rs
index 3fd08b1e8..c87652555 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ide/src/inlay_hints.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ide/src/inlay_hints.rs
@@ -258,6 +258,7 @@ fn should_show_param_name_hint(
     if param_name.is_empty()
         || Some(param_name) == fn_signature.name.as_ref().map(|s| s.trim_start_matches('_'))
         || is_argument_similar_to_param_name(sema, argument, param_name)
+        || param_name.starts_with("ra_fixture")
     {
         return false;
     }
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ fn should_show_param_name_hint(
 
     // avoid displaying hints for common functions like map, filter, etc.
     // or other obvious words used in std
-    parameters_len != 1 || !is_obvious_param(param_name)
+    !(parameters_len == 1 && is_obvious_param(param_name))
 }
 
 fn is_argument_similar_to_param_name(
@@ -312,10 +313,8 @@ fn get_string_representation(expr: &ast::Expr) -> Option<String> {
 }
 
 fn is_obvious_param(param_name: &str) -> bool {
-    let is_obvious_param_name = match param_name {
-        "predicate" | "value" | "pat" | "rhs" | "other" => true,
-        _ => false,
-    };
+    let is_obvious_param_name =
+        matches!(param_name, "predicate" | "value" | "pat" | "rhs" | "other");
     param_name.len() == 1 || is_obvious_param_name
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/ra_ide/src/join_lines.rs b/crates/ra_ide/src/join_lines.rs
index 5036c1fb0..6907c09e8 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ide/src/join_lines.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ide/src/join_lines.rs
@@ -165,10 +165,7 @@ fn join_single_use_tree(edit: &mut TextEditBuilder, token: &SyntaxToken) -> Opti
 }
 
 fn is_trailing_comma(left: SyntaxKind, right: SyntaxKind) -> bool {
-    match (left, right) {
-        (T![,], T![')']) | (T![,], T![']']) => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!((left, right), (T![,], T![')']) | (T![,], T![']']))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/crates/ra_ide/src/syntax_highlighting/tags.rs b/crates/ra_ide/src/syntax_highlighting/tags.rs
index e8e251cfc..13d9dd195 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ide/src/syntax_highlighting/tags.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ide/src/syntax_highlighting/tags.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ pub enum HighlightTag {
     EnumVariant,
     EscapeSequence,
     Field,
-    FormatSpecifier,
     Function,
     Generic,
     Keyword,
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ pub enum HighlightTag {
     Macro,
     Module,
     NumericLiteral,
-    Operator,
     SelfKeyword,
     SelfType,
     Static,
@@ -45,6 +43,8 @@ pub enum HighlightTag {
     Union,
     Local,
     UnresolvedReference,
+    FormatSpecifier,
+    Operator,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
diff --git a/crates/ra_ide_db/src/symbol_index.rs b/crates/ra_ide_db/src/symbol_index.rs
index 6929055b2..5a09e7d1d 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ide_db/src/symbol_index.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ide_db/src/symbol_index.rs
@@ -346,10 +346,7 @@ impl Query {
 }
 
 fn is_type(kind: SyntaxKind) -> bool {
-    match kind {
-        STRUCT_DEF | ENUM_DEF | TRAIT_DEF | TYPE_ALIAS_DEF => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!(kind, STRUCT_DEF | ENUM_DEF | TRAIT_DEF | TYPE_ALIAS_DEF)
 }
 
 /// The actual data that is stored in the index. It should be as compact as
diff --git a/crates/ra_mbe/src/parser.rs b/crates/ra_mbe/src/parser.rs
index 034150432..1e5dafbdf 100644
--- a/crates/ra_mbe/src/parser.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_mbe/src/parser.rs
@@ -137,10 +137,7 @@ fn eat_fragment_kind<'a>(
 }
 
 fn is_boolean_literal(lit: &tt::Literal) -> bool {
-    match lit.text.as_str() {
-        "true" | "false" => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!(lit.text.as_str(), "true" | "false")
 }
 
 fn parse_repeat(src: &mut TtIter) -> Result<(Option<Separator>, RepeatKind), ExpandError> {
diff --git a/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar.rs b/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar.rs
index 293baecf6..caedeead0 100644
--- a/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar.rs
@@ -73,10 +73,7 @@ pub(crate) mod fragments {
     // Parse a meta item , which excluded [], e.g : #[ MetaItem ]
     pub(crate) fn meta_item(p: &mut Parser) {
         fn is_delimiter(p: &mut Parser) -> bool {
-            match p.current() {
-                T!['{'] | T!['('] | T!['['] => true,
-                _ => false,
-            }
+            matches!(p.current(), T!['{'] | T!['('] | T!['['])
         }
 
         if is_delimiter(p) {
diff --git a/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/paths.rs b/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/paths.rs
index fd51189d5..b503af1dc 100644
--- a/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/paths.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/paths.rs
@@ -41,10 +41,7 @@ fn path(p: &mut Parser, mode: Mode) {
     path_segment(p, mode, true);
     let mut qual = path.complete(p, PATH);
     loop {
-        let use_tree = match p.nth(2) {
-            T![*] | T!['{'] => true,
-            _ => false,
-        };
+        let use_tree = matches!(p.nth(2), T![*] | T!['{']);
         if p.at(T![::]) && !use_tree {
             let path = qual.precede(p);
             p.bump(T![::]);
diff --git a/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/type_params.rs b/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/type_params.rs
index 325d566ad..d1330d4b9 100644
--- a/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/type_params.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_parser/src/grammar/type_params.rs
@@ -169,10 +169,7 @@ fn is_where_predicate(p: &mut Parser) -> bool {
 }
 
 fn is_where_clause_end(p: &mut Parser) -> bool {
-    match p.current() {
-        T!['{'] | T![;] | T![=] => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!(p.current(), T!['{'] | T![;] | T![=])
 }
 
 fn where_predicate(p: &mut Parser) {
diff --git a/crates/ra_parser/src/syntax_kind.rs b/crates/ra_parser/src/syntax_kind.rs
index 8d6bd057b..63204436c 100644
--- a/crates/ra_parser/src/syntax_kind.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_parser/src/syntax_kind.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ impl From<SyntaxKind> for u16 {
 
 impl SyntaxKind {
     pub fn is_trivia(self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            SyntaxKind::WHITESPACE | SyntaxKind::COMMENT => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self, SyntaxKind::WHITESPACE | SyntaxKind::COMMENT)
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ra_ssr/src/lib.rs b/crates/ra_ssr/src/lib.rs
index 8f149e3db..e148f4564 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ssr/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ssr/src/lib.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ impl<'db> MatchFinder<'db> {
         if matches.matches.is_empty() {
             None
         } else {
-            Some(replacing::matches_to_edit(&matches))
+            use ra_db::SourceDatabaseExt;
+            Some(replacing::matches_to_edit(&matches, &self.sema.db.file_text(file_id)))
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/ra_ssr/src/matching.rs b/crates/ra_ssr/src/matching.rs
index 85420ed3c..bb87bda43 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ssr/src/matching.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ssr/src/matching.rs
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ mod tests {
             "1+2"
         );
 
-        let edit = crate::replacing::matches_to_edit(&matches);
+        let edit = crate::replacing::matches_to_edit(&matches, input);
         let mut after = input.to_string();
         edit.apply(&mut after);
         assert_eq!(after, "fn main() { bar(1+2); }");
diff --git a/crates/ra_ssr/src/parsing.rs b/crates/ra_ssr/src/parsing.rs
index 90c13dbc2..1ae166d19 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ssr/src/parsing.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ssr/src/parsing.rs
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ fn parse_pattern(pattern_str: &str) -> Result<Vec<PatternElement>, SsrError> {
 /// Checks for errors in a rule. e.g. the replace pattern referencing placeholders that the search
 /// pattern didn't define.
 fn validate_rule(rule: &SsrRule) -> Result<(), SsrError> {
-    let mut defined_placeholders = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    let mut defined_placeholders = FxHashSet::default();
     for p in &rule.pattern.raw.tokens {
         if let PatternElement::Placeholder(placeholder) = p {
             defined_placeholders.insert(&placeholder.ident);
diff --git a/crates/ra_ssr/src/replacing.rs b/crates/ra_ssr/src/replacing.rs
index 5dcde82a2..70ce1c185 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ssr/src/replacing.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ssr/src/replacing.rs
@@ -10,21 +10,25 @@ use ra_text_edit::TextEdit;
 /// Returns a text edit that will replace each match in `matches` with its corresponding replacement
 /// template. Placeholders in the template will have been substituted with whatever they matched to
 /// in the original code.
-pub(crate) fn matches_to_edit(matches: &SsrMatches) -> TextEdit {
-    matches_to_edit_at_offset(matches, 0.into())
+pub(crate) fn matches_to_edit(matches: &SsrMatches, file_src: &str) -> TextEdit {
+    matches_to_edit_at_offset(matches, file_src, 0.into())
 }
 
-fn matches_to_edit_at_offset(matches: &SsrMatches, relative_start: TextSize) -> TextEdit {
+fn matches_to_edit_at_offset(
+    matches: &SsrMatches,
+    file_src: &str,
+    relative_start: TextSize,
+) -> TextEdit {
     let mut edit_builder = ra_text_edit::TextEditBuilder::default();
     for m in &matches.matches {
-        edit_builder.replace(m.range.checked_sub(relative_start).unwrap(), render_replace(m));
+        edit_builder
+            .replace(m.range.checked_sub(relative_start).unwrap(), render_replace(m, file_src));
     }
     edit_builder.finish()
 }
 
-fn render_replace(match_info: &Match) -> String {
+fn render_replace(match_info: &Match, file_src: &str) -> String {
     let mut out = String::new();
-    let match_start = match_info.matched_node.text_range().start();
     for r in &match_info.template.tokens {
         match r {
             PatternElement::Token(t) => out.push_str(t.text.as_str()),
@@ -33,16 +37,13 @@ fn render_replace(match_info: &Match) -> String {
                     match_info.placeholder_values.get(&Var(p.ident.to_string()))
                 {
                     let range = &placeholder_value.range.range;
-                    let mut matched_text = if let Some(node) = &placeholder_value.node {
-                        node.text().to_string()
-                    } else {
-                        let relative_range = range.checked_sub(match_start).unwrap();
-                        match_info.matched_node.text().to_string()
-                            [usize::from(relative_range.start())..usize::from(relative_range.end())]
-                            .to_string()
-                    };
-                    let edit =
-                        matches_to_edit_at_offset(&placeholder_value.inner_matches, range.start());
+                    let mut matched_text =
+                        file_src[usize::from(range.start())..usize::from(range.end())].to_owned();
+                    let edit = matches_to_edit_at_offset(
+                        &placeholder_value.inner_matches,
+                        file_src,
+                        range.start(),
+                    );
                     edit.apply(&mut matched_text);
                     out.push_str(&matched_text);
                 } else {
diff --git a/crates/ra_ssr/src/tests.rs b/crates/ra_ssr/src/tests.rs
index 7a3141be8..8be60c293 100644
--- a/crates/ra_ssr/src/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_ssr/src/tests.rs
@@ -606,3 +606,20 @@ fn replace_within_macro_expansion() {
             fn f() {macro1!(bar(5.x()).o2())}"#,
     )
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn preserves_whitespace_within_macro_expansion() {
+    assert_ssr_transform(
+        "$a + $b ==>> $b - $a",
+        r#"
+            macro_rules! macro1 {
+                ($a:expr) => {$a}
+            }
+            fn f() {macro1!(1   *   2 + 3 + 4}"#,
+        r#"
+            macro_rules! macro1 {
+                ($a:expr) => {$a}
+            }
+            fn f() {macro1!(4 - 3 - 1   *   2}"#,
+    )
+}
diff --git a/crates/ra_syntax/Cargo.toml b/crates/ra_syntax/Cargo.toml
index a8ff2e74f..49696ce75 100644
--- a/crates/ra_syntax/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/ra_syntax/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ doctest = false
 [dependencies]
 itertools = "0.9.0"
 rowan = "0.10.0"
-rustc_lexer = { version = "661.0.0", package = "rustc-ap-rustc_lexer" }
+rustc_lexer = { version = "666.0.0", package = "rustc-ap-rustc_lexer" }
 rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
 arrayvec = "0.5.1"
 once_cell = "1.3.1"
diff --git a/crates/ra_syntax/src/algo.rs b/crates/ra_syntax/src/algo.rs
index f7a885eb3..26b3c813a 100644
--- a/crates/ra_syntax/src/algo.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_syntax/src/algo.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ pub fn find_node_at_offset<N: AstNode>(syntax: &SyntaxNode, offset: TextSize) ->
     ancestors_at_offset(syntax, offset).find_map(N::cast)
 }
 
+pub fn find_node_at_range<N: AstNode>(syntax: &SyntaxNode, range: TextRange) -> Option<N> {
+    find_covering_element(syntax, range).ancestors().find_map(N::cast)
+}
+
 /// Skip to next non `trivia` token
 pub fn skip_trivia_token(mut token: SyntaxToken, direction: Direction) -> Option<SyntaxToken> {
     while token.kind().is_trivia() {
diff --git a/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/expr_extensions.rs b/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/expr_extensions.rs
index 7771d6759..db5438d68 100644
--- a/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/expr_extensions.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/expr_extensions.rs
@@ -399,10 +399,7 @@ impl ast::BlockExpr {
             Some(it) => it,
             None => return true,
         };
-        match parent.kind() {
-            FN_DEF | IF_EXPR | WHILE_EXPR | LOOP_EXPR | EFFECT_EXPR => false,
-            _ => true,
-        }
+        !matches!(parent.kind(), FN_DEF | IF_EXPR | WHILE_EXPR | LOOP_EXPR | EFFECT_EXPR)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/extensions.rs b/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/extensions.rs
index 98c38d009..662c6f73e 100644
--- a/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/extensions.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_syntax/src/ast/extensions.rs
@@ -459,16 +459,16 @@ impl ast::RangePat {
 
 impl ast::TokenTree {
     pub fn left_delimiter_token(&self) -> Option<SyntaxToken> {
-        self.syntax().first_child_or_token()?.into_token().filter(|it| match it.kind() {
-            T!['{'] | T!['('] | T!['['] => true,
-            _ => false,
-        })
+        self.syntax()
+            .first_child_or_token()?
+            .into_token()
+            .filter(|it| matches!(it.kind(), T!['{'] | T!['('] | T!['[']))
     }
 
     pub fn right_delimiter_token(&self) -> Option<SyntaxToken> {
-        self.syntax().last_child_or_token()?.into_token().filter(|it| match it.kind() {
-            T!['}'] | T![')'] | T![']'] => true,
-            _ => false,
-        })
+        self.syntax()
+            .last_child_or_token()?
+            .into_token()
+            .filter(|it| matches!(it.kind(), T!['}'] | T![')'] | T![']']))
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/lexer.rs b/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/lexer.rs
index 1a5a6dc06..fa3be1016 100644
--- a/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/lexer.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/lexer.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 //! Lexer analyzes raw input string and produces lexemes (tokens).
 //! It is just a bridge to `rustc_lexer`.
 
+use rustc_lexer::{LiteralKind as LK, RawStrError};
+
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 
 use crate::{
@@ -180,8 +182,6 @@ fn rustc_token_kind_to_syntax_kind(
     return (syntax_kind, None);
 
     fn match_literal_kind(kind: &rustc_lexer::LiteralKind) -> (SyntaxKind, Option<&'static str>) {
-        use rustc_lexer::{LexRawStrError, LiteralKind as LK};
-
         #[rustfmt::skip]
         let syntax_kind = match *kind {
             LK::Int { empty_int: false, .. } => INT_NUMBER,
@@ -215,27 +215,27 @@ fn rustc_token_kind_to_syntax_kind(
                 return (BYTE_STRING, Some("Missing trailing `\"` symbol to terminate the byte string literal"))
             }
 
-            LK::RawStr(str) => match str.validate() {
-                Ok(_) => RAW_STRING,
-                Err(LexRawStrError::InvalidStarter) => return (RAW_STRING, Some("Missing `\"` symbol after `#` symbols to begin the raw string literal")),
-                Err(LexRawStrError::NoTerminator { expected, found, .. }) => if expected == found {
+            LK::RawStr { err, .. } => match err {
+                None => RAW_STRING,
+                Some(RawStrError::InvalidStarter { .. }) => return (RAW_STRING, Some("Missing `\"` symbol after `#` symbols to begin the raw string literal")),
+                Some(RawStrError::NoTerminator { expected, found, .. }) => if expected == found {
                     return (RAW_STRING, Some("Missing trailing `\"` to terminate the raw string literal"))
                 } else {
                     return (RAW_STRING, Some("Missing trailing `\"` with `#` symbols to terminate the raw string literal"))
 
                 },
-                Err(LexRawStrError::TooManyDelimiters { .. }) => return (RAW_STRING, Some("Too many `#` symbols: raw strings may be delimited by up to 65535 `#` symbols")),
+                Some(RawStrError::TooManyDelimiters { .. }) => return (RAW_STRING, Some("Too many `#` symbols: raw strings may be delimited by up to 65535 `#` symbols")),
             },
-            LK::RawByteStr(str) => match str.validate() {
-                Ok(_) => RAW_BYTE_STRING,
-                Err(LexRawStrError::InvalidStarter) => return (RAW_BYTE_STRING, Some("Missing `\"` symbol after `#` symbols to begin the raw byte string literal")),
-                Err(LexRawStrError::NoTerminator { expected, found, .. }) => if expected == found {
+            LK::RawByteStr { err, .. } => match err {
+                None => RAW_BYTE_STRING,
+                Some(RawStrError::InvalidStarter { .. }) => return (RAW_BYTE_STRING, Some("Missing `\"` symbol after `#` symbols to begin the raw byte string literal")),
+                Some(RawStrError::NoTerminator { expected, found, .. }) => if expected == found {
                     return (RAW_BYTE_STRING, Some("Missing trailing `\"` to terminate the raw byte string literal"))
                 } else {
                     return (RAW_BYTE_STRING, Some("Missing trailing `\"` with `#` symbols to terminate the raw byte string literal"))
 
                 },
-                Err(LexRawStrError::TooManyDelimiters { .. }) => return (RAW_BYTE_STRING, Some("Too many `#` symbols: raw byte strings may be delimited by up to 65535 `#` symbols")),
+                Some(RawStrError::TooManyDelimiters { .. }) => return (RAW_BYTE_STRING, Some("Too many `#` symbols: raw byte strings may be delimited by up to 65535 `#` symbols")),
             },
         };
 
diff --git a/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/reparsing.rs b/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/reparsing.rs
index edbc190f8..ed5a42ea3 100644
--- a/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/reparsing.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_syntax/src/parsing/reparsing.rs
@@ -120,10 +120,7 @@ fn get_text_after_edit(element: SyntaxElement, edit: &Indel) -> String {
 }
 
 fn is_contextual_kw(text: &str) -> bool {
-    match text {
-        "auto" | "default" | "union" => true,
-        _ => false,
-    }
+    matches!(text, "auto" | "default" | "union")
 }
 
 fn find_reparsable_node(node: &SyntaxNode, range: TextRange) -> Option<(SyntaxNode, Reparser)> {
diff --git a/crates/ra_tt/src/buffer.rs b/crates/ra_tt/src/buffer.rs
index 5967f44cd..02c771f70 100644
--- a/crates/ra_tt/src/buffer.rs
+++ b/crates/ra_tt/src/buffer.rs
@@ -105,10 +105,7 @@ impl<'a> Eq for Cursor<'a> {}
 impl<'a> Cursor<'a> {
     /// Check whether it is eof
     pub fn eof(self) -> bool {
-        match self.buffer.entry(&self.ptr) {
-            None | Some(Entry::End(None)) => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self.buffer.entry(&self.ptr), None | Some(Entry::End(None)))
     }
 
     /// If the cursor is pointing at the end of a subtree, returns
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/Cargo.toml b/crates/rust-analyzer/Cargo.toml
index 122a1605f..803755106 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/Cargo.toml
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ itertools = "0.9.0"
 jod-thread = "0.1.0"
 log = "0.4.8"
 lsp-types = { version = "0.74.0", features = ["proposed"] }
-parking_lot = "0.10.0"
+parking_lot = "0.11.0"
 pico-args = "0.3.1"
 rand = { version = "0.7.3", features = ["small_rng"] }
 rustc-hash = "1.1.0"
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ ra_toolchain = { path = "../ra_toolchain" }
 
 # This should only be used in CLI
 ra_db = { path = "../ra_db" }
+ra_ide_db = { path = "../ra_ide_db" }
+ra_ssr = { path = "../ra_ssr" }
 hir = { path = "../ra_hir", package = "ra_hir" }
 hir_def = { path = "../ra_hir_def", package = "ra_hir_def" }
 hir_ty = { path = "../ra_hir_ty", package = "ra_hir_ty" }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/args.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/args.rs
index 8e3ca9343..3f0bb3865 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/args.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/args.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use pico_args::Arguments;
+use ra_ssr::SsrRule;
 use rust_analyzer::cli::{BenchWhat, Position, Verbosity};
 
 use std::{fmt::Write, path::PathBuf};
@@ -45,6 +46,9 @@ pub(crate) enum Command {
         /// this would include the parser test files.
         all: bool,
     },
+    Ssr {
+        rules: Vec<SsrRule>,
+    },
     ProcMacro,
     RunServer,
     Version,
@@ -270,6 +274,32 @@ ARGS:
                 Command::Diagnostics { path, load_output_dirs, with_proc_macro, all }
             }
             "proc-macro" => Command::ProcMacro,
+            "ssr" => {
+                if matches.contains(["-h", "--help"]) {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "\
+rust-analyzer ssr
+
+USAGE:
+    rust-analyzer ssr [FLAGS] [RULE...]
+
+EXAMPLE:
+    rust-analyzer ssr '$a.foo($b) ==> bar($a, $b)'
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help          Prints help information
+
+ARGS:
+    <RULE>              A structured search replace rule"
+                    );
+                    return Ok(Err(HelpPrinted));
+                }
+                let mut rules = Vec::new();
+                while let Some(rule) = matches.free_from_str()? {
+                    rules.push(rule);
+                }
+                Command::Ssr { rules }
+            }
             _ => {
                 print_subcommands();
                 return Ok(Err(HelpPrinted));
@@ -297,6 +327,7 @@ SUBCOMMANDS:
     diagnostics
     proc-macro
     parse
+    ssr
     symbols"
     )
 }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/main.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/main.rs
index 45204d1a3..16882fc13 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/main.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/bin/main.rs
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         args::Command::Diagnostics { path, load_output_dirs, with_proc_macro, all } => {
             cli::diagnostics(path.as_ref(), load_output_dirs, with_proc_macro, all)?
         }
+        args::Command::Ssr { rules } => {
+            cli::apply_ssr_rules(rules)?;
+        }
         args::Command::Version => println!("rust-analyzer {}", env!("REV")),
     }
     Ok(())
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs
index 39ce77900..13e3d75be 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ mod analysis_stats;
 mod analysis_bench;
 mod diagnostics;
 mod progress_report;
+mod ssr;
 
 use std::io::Read;
 
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ pub use analysis_bench::{analysis_bench, BenchWhat, Position};
 pub use analysis_stats::analysis_stats;
 pub use diagnostics::diagnostics;
 pub use load_cargo::load_cargo;
+pub use ssr::apply_ssr_rules;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum Verbosity {
@@ -28,16 +30,10 @@ pub enum Verbosity {
 
 impl Verbosity {
     pub fn is_verbose(self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Verbosity::Verbose | Verbosity::Spammy => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self, Verbosity::Verbose | Verbosity::Spammy)
     }
     pub fn is_spammy(self) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Verbosity::Spammy => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
+        matches!(self, Verbosity::Spammy)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_bench.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_bench.rs
index 4fe99ff68..930375d3e 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_bench.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_bench.rs
@@ -78,10 +78,7 @@ pub fn analysis_bench(
             }
         }
         BenchWhat::Complete(pos) | BenchWhat::GotoDef(pos) => {
-            let is_completion = match what {
-                BenchWhat::Complete(..) => true,
-                _ => false,
-            };
+            let is_completion = matches!(what, BenchWhat::Complete(..));
 
             let offset = host
                 .analysis()
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs
index 2f4c29e06..9d09501cd 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/analysis_stats.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 //! Fully type-check project and print various stats, like the number of type
 //! errors.
 
-use std::{collections::HashSet, path::Path, time::Instant};
+use std::{path::Path, time::Instant};
+
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use rand::{seq::SliceRandom, thread_rng};
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
 
 use hir::{
     db::{AstDatabase, DefDatabase, HirDatabase},
@@ -9,10 +13,8 @@ use hir::{
 };
 use hir_def::FunctionId;
 use hir_ty::{Ty, TypeWalk};
-use itertools::Itertools;
 use ra_db::SourceDatabaseExt;
 use ra_syntax::AstNode;
-use rand::{seq::SliceRandom, thread_rng};
 use stdx::format_to;
 
 use crate::cli::{load_cargo::load_cargo, progress_report::ProgressReport, Result, Verbosity};
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ pub fn analysis_stats(
     println!("Database loaded {:?}", db_load_time.elapsed());
     let analysis_time = Instant::now();
     let mut num_crates = 0;
-    let mut visited_modules = HashSet::new();
+    let mut visited_modules = FxHashSet::default();
     let mut visit_queue = Vec::new();
 
     let mut krates = Crate::all(db);
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/diagnostics.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/diagnostics.rs
index 82b3a8a53..6f3c1c1f9 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 //! Analyze all modules in a project for diagnostics. Exits with a non-zero status
 //! code if any errors are found.
 
+use std::path::Path;
+
 use anyhow::anyhow;
+use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
+
 use hir::Crate;
 use ra_db::SourceDatabaseExt;
 use ra_ide::Severity;
-use std::{collections::HashSet, path::Path};
 
 use crate::cli::{load_cargo::load_cargo, Result};
 
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn diagnostics(
     let analysis = host.analysis();
 
     let mut found_error = false;
-    let mut visited_files = HashSet::new();
+    let mut visited_files = FxHashSet::default();
 
     let mut work = Vec::new();
     let krates = Crate::all(db);
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5265ac15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/cli/ssr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//! Applies structured search replace rules from the command line.
+
+use crate::cli::{load_cargo::load_cargo, Result};
+use ra_ide::SourceFileEdit;
+use ra_ssr::{MatchFinder, SsrRule};
+
+pub fn apply_ssr_rules(rules: Vec<SsrRule>) -> Result<()> {
+    use ra_db::SourceDatabaseExt;
+    use ra_ide_db::symbol_index::SymbolsDatabase;
+    let (host, vfs) = load_cargo(&std::env::current_dir()?, true, true)?;
+    let db = host.raw_database();
+    let mut match_finder = MatchFinder::new(db);
+    for rule in rules {
+        match_finder.add_rule(rule);
+    }
+    let mut edits = Vec::new();
+    for &root in db.local_roots().iter() {
+        let sr = db.source_root(root);
+        for file_id in sr.iter() {
+            if let Some(edit) = match_finder.edits_for_file(file_id) {
+                edits.push(SourceFileEdit { file_id, edit });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for edit in edits {
+        if let Some(path) = vfs.file_path(edit.file_id).as_path() {
+            let mut contents = db.file_text(edit.file_id).to_string();
+            edit.edit.apply(&mut contents);
+            std::fs::write(path, contents)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/diagnostics.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/diagnostics.rs
index 1cf50b677..b46281c98 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 //! Book keeping for keeping diagnostics easily in sync with the client.
 pub(crate) mod to_proto;
 
-use std::{collections::HashMap, mem, sync::Arc};
+use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
 
 use ra_ide::FileId;
-use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
+use rustc_hash::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 
 use crate::lsp_ext;
 
-pub(crate) type CheckFixes = Arc<HashMap<FileId, Vec<Fix>>>;
+pub(crate) type CheckFixes = Arc<FxHashMap<FileId, Vec<Fix>>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct DiagnosticsConfig {
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ pub struct DiagnosticsConfig {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct DiagnosticCollection {
-    pub(crate) native: HashMap<FileId, Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>>,
-    pub(crate) check: HashMap<FileId, Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>>,
+    pub(crate) native: FxHashMap<FileId, Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>>,
+    pub(crate) check: FxHashMap<FileId, Vec<lsp_types::Diagnostic>>,
     pub(crate) check_fixes: CheckFixes,
     changes: FxHashSet<FileId>,
 }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers.rs
index 615aa2eb0..0940fcc28 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/handlers.rs
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@ fn should_skip_target(runnable: &Runnable, cargo_spec: Option<&CargoTargetSpec>)
         RunnableKind::Bin => {
             // Do not suggest binary run on other target than binary
             match &cargo_spec {
-                Some(spec) => spec.target_kind != TargetKind::Bin,
+                Some(spec) => !matches!(spec.target_kind, TargetKind::Bin | TargetKind::Example),
                 None => true,
             }
         }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/line_endings.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/line_endings.rs
index 7e6db954e..9f892f32e 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/line_endings.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/line_endings.rs
@@ -46,19 +46,7 @@ impl LineEndings {
         return (src, LineEndings::Dos);
 
         fn find_crlf(src: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
-            let mut search_idx = 0;
-            while let Some(idx) = find_cr(&src[search_idx..]) {
-                if src[search_idx..].get(idx + 1) != Some(&b'\n') {
-                    search_idx += idx + 1;
-                    continue;
-                }
-                return Some(search_idx + idx);
-            }
-            None
-        }
-
-        fn find_cr(src: &[u8]) -> Option<usize> {
-            src.iter().enumerate().find_map(|(idx, &b)| if b == b'\r' { Some(idx) } else { None })
+            src.iter().zip(src.iter().skip(1)).position(|it| it == (&b'\r', &b'\n'))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/main_loop.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/main_loop.rs
index e5194fe41..9fd16ef3b 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/src/main_loop.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/src/main_loop.rs
@@ -216,7 +216,11 @@ impl GlobalState {
                         flycheck::Progress::DidCheckCrate(target) => {
                             (Progress::Report, Some(target))
                         }
-                        flycheck::Progress::DidFinish | flycheck::Progress::DidCancel => {
+                        flycheck::Progress::DidCancel => (Progress::End, None),
+                        flycheck::Progress::DidFinish(result) => {
+                            if let Err(err) = result {
+                                log::error!("cargo check failed: {}", err)
+                            }
                             (Progress::End, None)
                         }
                     };
diff --git a/crates/rust-analyzer/tests/heavy_tests/main.rs b/crates/rust-analyzer/tests/heavy_tests/main.rs
index 58839b14a..cc079790e 100644
--- a/crates/rust-analyzer/tests/heavy_tests/main.rs
+++ b/crates/rust-analyzer/tests/heavy_tests/main.rs
@@ -494,6 +494,7 @@ fn main() {
 }
 //- /src/main.rs
 #[rustc_builtin_macro] macro_rules! include {}
+#[rustc_builtin_macro] macro_rules! include_str {}
 #[rustc_builtin_macro] macro_rules! concat {}
 #[rustc_builtin_macro] macro_rules! env {}
 
@@ -512,6 +513,7 @@ fn main() {
     let va = A;
     let vb = B;
     let should_be_str = message();
+    let another_str = include_str!("main.rs");
 }
 "###,
     )
@@ -523,7 +525,15 @@ fn main() {
     let res = server.send_request::<HoverRequest>(HoverParams {
         text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams::new(
             server.doc_id("src/main.rs"),
-            Position::new(18, 10),
+            Position::new(19, 10),
+        ),
+        work_done_progress_params: Default::default(),
+    });
+    assert!(res.to_string().contains("&str"));
+    let res = server.send_request::<HoverRequest>(HoverParams {
+        text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams::new(
+            server.doc_id("src/main.rs"),
+            Position::new(20, 10),
         ),
         work_done_progress_params: Default::default(),
     });
@@ -532,23 +542,23 @@ fn main() {
         GotoDefinitionParams {
             text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams::new(
                 server.doc_id("src/main.rs"),
-                Position::new(16, 9),
+                Position::new(17, 9),
             ),
             work_done_progress_params: Default::default(),
             partial_result_params: Default::default(),
         },
         json!([{
             "originSelectionRange": {
-                "end": { "character": 10, "line": 16 },
-                "start": { "character": 8, "line": 16 }
+                "end": { "character": 10, "line": 17 },
+                "start": { "character": 8, "line": 17 }
             },
             "targetRange": {
-                "end": { "character": 9, "line": 7 },
-                "start": { "character": 0, "line": 6 }
+                "end": { "character": 9, "line": 8 },
+                "start": { "character": 0, "line": 7 }
             },
             "targetSelectionRange": {
-                "end": { "character": 8, "line": 7 },
-                "start": { "character": 7, "line": 7 }
+                "end": { "character": 8, "line": 8 },
+                "start": { "character": 7, "line": 8 }
             },
             "targetUri": "file:///[..]src/main.rs"
         }]),
@@ -557,23 +567,23 @@ fn main() {
         GotoDefinitionParams {
             text_document_position_params: TextDocumentPositionParams::new(
                 server.doc_id("src/main.rs"),
-                Position::new(17, 9),
+                Position::new(18, 9),
             ),
             work_done_progress_params: Default::default(),
             partial_result_params: Default::default(),
         },
         json!([{
             "originSelectionRange": {
-                "end": { "character": 10, "line": 17 },
-                "start": { "character": 8, "line": 17 }
+                "end": { "character": 10, "line": 18 },
+                "start": { "character": 8, "line": 18 }
             },
             "targetRange": {
-                "end": { "character": 9, "line": 11 },
-                "start": { "character": 0, "line":10 }
+                "end": { "character": 9, "line": 12 },
+                "start": { "character": 0, "line":11 }
             },
             "targetSelectionRange": {
-                "end": { "character": 8, "line": 11 },
-                "start": { "character": 7, "line": 11 }
+                "end": { "character": 8, "line": 12 },
+                "start": { "character": 7, "line": 12 }
             },
             "targetUri": "file:///[..]src/main.rs"
         }]),
diff --git a/crates/test_utils/src/lib.rs b/crates/test_utils/src/lib.rs
index eaeeeb97b..caf847273 100644
--- a/crates/test_utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/test_utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use serde_json::Value;
+use stdx::lines_with_ends;
 use text_size::{TextRange, TextSize};
 
 pub use difference::Changeset as __Changeset;
@@ -159,6 +160,41 @@ pub fn add_cursor(text: &str, offset: TextSize) -> String {
     res
 }
 
+/// Extracts `//^ some text` annotations
+pub fn extract_annotations(text: &str) -> Vec<(TextRange, String)> {
+    let mut res = Vec::new();
+    let mut prev_line_start: Option<TextSize> = None;
+    let mut line_start: TextSize = 0.into();
+    for line in lines_with_ends(text) {
+        if let Some(idx) = line.find("//^") {
+            let offset = prev_line_start.unwrap() + TextSize::of(&line[..idx + "//".len()]);
+            let data = line[idx + "//^".len()..].trim().to_string();
+            res.push((TextRange::at(offset, 1.into()), data))
+        }
+        prev_line_start = Some(line_start);
+        line_start += TextSize::of(line);
+    }
+    res
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_extract_annotations() {
+    let text = stdx::trim_indent(
+        r#"
+fn main() {
+    let x = 92;
+      //^ def
+    z + 1
+} //^ i32
+    "#,
+    );
+    let res = extract_annotations(&text)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(range, ann)| (&text[range], ann))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(res, vec![("x", "def".into()), ("z", "i32".into()),]);
+}
+
 // Comparison functionality borrowed from cargo:
 
 /// Compare a line with an expected pattern.
diff --git a/crates/vfs-notify/src/lib.rs b/crates/vfs-notify/src/lib.rs
index 25ba8d798..b1ea298ae 100644
--- a/crates/vfs-notify/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/vfs-notify/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ mod include;
 
 use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
 
-use crossbeam_channel::{select, unbounded, Receiver};
+use crossbeam_channel::{select, unbounded, Receiver, Sender};
 use notify::{RecommendedWatcher, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
 use paths::{AbsPath, AbsPathBuf};
 use rustc_hash::FxHashSet;
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ use crate::include::Include;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NotifyHandle {
     // Relative order of fields below is significant.
-    sender: crossbeam_channel::Sender<Message>,
-    _thread: jod_thread::JoinHandle,
+    sender: Sender<Message>,
+    thread: jod_thread::JoinHandle,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ impl loader::Handle for NotifyHandle {
         let actor = NotifyActor::new(sender);
         let (sender, receiver) = unbounded::<Message>();
         let thread = jod_thread::spawn(move || actor.run(receiver));
-        NotifyHandle { sender, _thread: thread }
+        NotifyHandle { sender, thread }
     }
     fn set_config(&mut self, config: loader::Config) {
         self.sender.send(Message::Config(config)).unwrap()