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|
//! Type inference, i.e. the process of walking through the code and determining
//! the type of each expression and pattern.
//!
//! For type inference, compare the implementations in rustc (the various
//! check_* methods in librustc_typeck/check/mod.rs are a good entry point) and
//! IntelliJ-Rust (org.rust.lang.core.types.infer). Our entry point for
//! inference here is the `infer` function, which infers the types of all
//! expressions in a given function.
//!
//! During inference, types (i.e. the `Ty` struct) can contain type 'variables'
//! which represent currently unknown types; as we walk through the expressions,
//! we might determine that certain variables need to be equal to each other, or
//! to certain types. To record this, we use the union-find implementation from
//! the `ena` crate, which is extracted from rustc.
use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::mem;
use std::ops::Index;
use std::sync::Arc;
use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
use hir_def::{
body::Body,
data::{ConstData, FunctionData},
expr::{BindingAnnotation, ExprId, PatId},
lang_item::LangItemTarget,
path::{path, Path},
resolver::{HasResolver, Resolver, TypeNs},
type_ref::{Mutability, TypeRef},
AdtId, AssocItemId, DefWithBodyId, FunctionId, StructFieldId, TypeAliasId, VariantId,
};
use hir_expand::{diagnostics::DiagnosticSink, name::name};
use ra_arena::map::ArenaMap;
use ra_prof::profile;
use ra_syntax::SmolStr;
use test_utils::tested_by;
use super::{
primitive::{FloatTy, IntTy},
traits::{Guidance, Obligation, ProjectionPredicate, Solution},
ApplicationTy, GenericPredicate, InEnvironment, ProjectionTy, Substs, TraitEnvironment,
TraitRef, Ty, TypeCtor, TypeWalk, Uncertain,
};
use crate::{
db::HirDatabase, infer::diagnostics::InferenceDiagnostic, lower::ImplTraitLoweringMode,
};
pub(crate) use unify::unify;
macro_rules! ty_app {
($ctor:pat, $param:pat) => {
crate::Ty::Apply(crate::ApplicationTy { ctor: $ctor, parameters: $param })
};
($ctor:pat) => {
ty_app!($ctor, _)
};
}
mod unify;
mod path;
mod expr;
mod pat;
mod coerce;
/// The entry point of type inference.
pub fn do_infer_query(db: &impl HirDatabase, def: DefWithBodyId) -> Arc<InferenceResult> {
let _p = profile("do_infer");
let resolver = def.resolver(db);
let mut ctx = InferenceContext::new(db, def, resolver);
match def {
DefWithBodyId::ConstId(c) => ctx.collect_const(&db.const_data(c)),
DefWithBodyId::FunctionId(f) => ctx.collect_fn(&db.function_data(f)),
DefWithBodyId::StaticId(s) => ctx.collect_const(&db.static_data(s)),
}
ctx.infer_body();
Arc::new(ctx.resolve_all())
}
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
enum ExprOrPatId {
ExprId(ExprId),
PatId(PatId),
}
impl_froms!(ExprOrPatId: ExprId, PatId);
/// Binding modes inferred for patterns.
/// https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/patterns.html#binding-modes
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
enum BindingMode {
Move,
Ref(Mutability),
}
impl BindingMode {
pub fn convert(annotation: BindingAnnotation) -> BindingMode {
match annotation {
BindingAnnotation::Unannotated | BindingAnnotation::Mutable => BindingMode::Move,
BindingAnnotation::Ref => BindingMode::Ref(Mutability::Shared),
BindingAnnotation::RefMut => BindingMode::Ref(Mutability::Mut),
}
}
}
impl Default for BindingMode {
fn default() -> Self {
BindingMode::Move
}
}
/// A mismatch between an expected and an inferred type.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Hash)]
pub struct TypeMismatch {
pub expected: Ty,
pub actual: Ty,
}
/// The result of type inference: A mapping from expressions and patterns to types.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Default)]
pub struct InferenceResult {
/// For each method call expr, records the function it resolves to.
method_resolutions: FxHashMap<ExprId, FunctionId>,
/// For each field access expr, records the field it resolves to.
field_resolutions: FxHashMap<ExprId, StructFieldId>,
/// For each field in record literal, records the field it resolves to.
record_field_resolutions: FxHashMap<ExprId, StructFieldId>,
/// For each struct literal, records the variant it resolves to.
variant_resolutions: FxHashMap<ExprOrPatId, VariantId>,
/// For each associated item record what it resolves to
assoc_resolutions: FxHashMap<ExprOrPatId, AssocItemId>,
diagnostics: Vec<InferenceDiagnostic>,
pub type_of_expr: ArenaMap<ExprId, Ty>,
pub type_of_pat: ArenaMap<PatId, Ty>,
pub(super) type_mismatches: ArenaMap<ExprId, TypeMismatch>,
}
impl InferenceResult {
pub fn method_resolution(&self, expr: ExprId) -> Option<FunctionId> {
self.method_resolutions.get(&expr).copied()
}
pub fn field_resolution(&self, expr: ExprId) -> Option<StructFieldId> {
self.field_resolutions.get(&expr).copied()
}
pub fn record_field_resolution(&self, expr: ExprId) -> Option<StructFieldId> {
self.record_field_resolutions.get(&expr).copied()
}
pub fn variant_resolution_for_expr(&self, id: ExprId) -> Option<VariantId> {
self.variant_resolutions.get(&id.into()).copied()
}
pub fn variant_resolution_for_pat(&self, id: PatId) -> Option<VariantId> {
self.variant_resolutions.get(&id.into()).copied()
}
pub fn assoc_resolutions_for_expr(&self, id: ExprId) -> Option<AssocItemId> {
self.assoc_resolutions.get(&id.into()).copied()
}
pub fn assoc_resolutions_for_pat(&self, id: PatId) -> Option<AssocItemId> {
self.assoc_resolutions.get(&id.into()).copied()
}
pub fn type_mismatch_for_expr(&self, expr: ExprId) -> Option<&TypeMismatch> {
self.type_mismatches.get(expr)
}
pub fn add_diagnostics(
&self,
db: &impl HirDatabase,
owner: FunctionId,
sink: &mut DiagnosticSink,
) {
self.diagnostics.iter().for_each(|it| it.add_to(db, owner, sink))
}
}
impl Index<ExprId> for InferenceResult {
type Output = Ty;
fn index(&self, expr: ExprId) -> &Ty {
self.type_of_expr.get(expr).unwrap_or(&Ty::Unknown)
}
}
impl Index<PatId> for InferenceResult {
type Output = Ty;
fn index(&self, pat: PatId) -> &Ty {
self.type_of_pat.get(pat).unwrap_or(&Ty::Unknown)
}
}
/// The inference context contains all information needed during type inference.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct InferenceContext<'a, D: HirDatabase> {
db: &'a D,
owner: DefWithBodyId,
body: Arc<Body>,
resolver: Resolver,
table: unify::InferenceTable,
trait_env: Arc<TraitEnvironment>,
obligations: Vec<Obligation>,
result: InferenceResult,
/// The return type of the function being inferred, or the closure if we're
/// currently within one.
///
/// We might consider using a nested inference context for checking
/// closures, but currently this is the only field that will change there,
/// so it doesn't make sense.
return_ty: Ty,
/// Impls of `CoerceUnsized` used in coercion.
/// (from_ty_ctor, to_ty_ctor) => coerce_generic_index
// FIXME: Use trait solver for this.
// Chalk seems unable to work well with builtin impl of `Unsize` now.
coerce_unsized_map: FxHashMap<(TypeCtor, TypeCtor), usize>,
}
impl<'a, D: HirDatabase> InferenceContext<'a, D> {
fn new(db: &'a D, owner: DefWithBodyId, resolver: Resolver) -> Self {
InferenceContext {
result: InferenceResult::default(),
table: unify::InferenceTable::new(),
obligations: Vec::default(),
return_ty: Ty::Unknown, // set in collect_fn_signature
trait_env: TraitEnvironment::lower(db, &resolver),
coerce_unsized_map: Self::init_coerce_unsized_map(db, &resolver),
db,
owner,
body: db.body(owner.into()),
resolver,
}
}
fn resolve_all(mut self) -> InferenceResult {
// FIXME resolve obligations as well (use Guidance if necessary)
let mut result = mem::replace(&mut self.result, InferenceResult::default());
for ty in result.type_of_expr.values_mut() {
let resolved = self.table.resolve_ty_completely(mem::replace(ty, Ty::Unknown));
*ty = resolved;
}
for ty in result.type_of_pat.values_mut() {
let resolved = self.table.resolve_ty_completely(mem::replace(ty, Ty::Unknown));
*ty = resolved;
}
result
}
fn write_expr_ty(&mut self, expr: ExprId, ty: Ty) {
self.result.type_of_expr.insert(expr, ty);
}
fn write_method_resolution(&mut self, expr: ExprId, func: FunctionId) {
self.result.method_resolutions.insert(expr, func);
}
fn write_field_resolution(&mut self, expr: ExprId, field: StructFieldId) {
self.result.field_resolutions.insert(expr, field);
}
fn write_variant_resolution(&mut self, id: ExprOrPatId, variant: VariantId) {
self.result.variant_resolutions.insert(id, variant);
}
fn write_assoc_resolution(&mut self, id: ExprOrPatId, item: AssocItemId) {
self.result.assoc_resolutions.insert(id, item.into());
}
fn write_pat_ty(&mut self, pat: PatId, ty: Ty) {
self.result.type_of_pat.insert(pat, ty);
}
fn push_diagnostic(&mut self, diagnostic: InferenceDiagnostic) {
self.result.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
}
fn make_ty_with_mode(
&mut self,
type_ref: &TypeRef,
impl_trait_mode: ImplTraitLoweringMode,
) -> Ty {
// FIXME use right resolver for block
let ctx = crate::lower::TyLoweringContext::new(self.db, &self.resolver).with_impl_trait_mode(impl_trait_mode);
let ty = Ty::from_hir(&ctx, type_ref);
let ty = self.insert_type_vars(ty);
self.normalize_associated_types_in(ty)
}
fn make_ty(&mut self, type_ref: &TypeRef) -> Ty {
self.make_ty_with_mode(type_ref, ImplTraitLoweringMode::Disallowed)
}
/// Replaces `impl Trait` in `ty` by type variables and obligations for
/// those variables. This is done for function arguments when calling a
/// function, and for return types when inside the function body, i.e. in
/// the cases where the `impl Trait` is 'transparent'. In other cases, `impl
/// Trait` is represented by `Ty::Opaque`.
fn insert_vars_for_impl_trait(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
ty.fold(&mut |ty| match ty {
Ty::Opaque(preds) => {
tested_by!(insert_vars_for_impl_trait);
let var = self.table.new_type_var();
let var_subst = Substs::builder(1).push(var.clone()).build();
self.obligations.extend(
preds
.iter()
.map(|pred| pred.clone().subst_bound_vars(&var_subst))
.filter_map(Obligation::from_predicate),
);
var
}
_ => ty,
})
}
/// Replaces Ty::Unknown by a new type var, so we can maybe still infer it.
fn insert_type_vars_shallow(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
match ty {
Ty::Unknown => self.table.new_type_var(),
Ty::Apply(ApplicationTy { ctor: TypeCtor::Int(Uncertain::Unknown), .. }) => {
self.table.new_integer_var()
}
Ty::Apply(ApplicationTy { ctor: TypeCtor::Float(Uncertain::Unknown), .. }) => {
self.table.new_float_var()
}
_ => ty,
}
}
fn insert_type_vars(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
ty.fold(&mut |ty| self.insert_type_vars_shallow(ty))
}
fn resolve_obligations_as_possible(&mut self) {
let obligations = mem::replace(&mut self.obligations, Vec::new());
for obligation in obligations {
let in_env = InEnvironment::new(self.trait_env.clone(), obligation.clone());
let canonicalized = self.canonicalizer().canonicalize_obligation(in_env);
let solution = self
.db
.trait_solve(self.resolver.krate().unwrap().into(), canonicalized.value.clone());
match solution {
Some(Solution::Unique(substs)) => {
canonicalized.apply_solution(self, substs.0);
}
Some(Solution::Ambig(Guidance::Definite(substs))) => {
canonicalized.apply_solution(self, substs.0);
self.obligations.push(obligation);
}
Some(_) => {
// FIXME use this when trying to resolve everything at the end
self.obligations.push(obligation);
}
None => {
// FIXME obligation cannot be fulfilled => diagnostic
}
};
}
}
fn unify(&mut self, ty1: &Ty, ty2: &Ty) -> bool {
self.table.unify(ty1, ty2)
}
/// Resolves the type as far as currently possible, replacing type variables
/// by their known types. All types returned by the infer_* functions should
/// be resolved as far as possible, i.e. contain no type variables with
/// known type.
fn resolve_ty_as_possible(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
self.resolve_obligations_as_possible();
self.table.resolve_ty_as_possible(ty)
}
fn resolve_ty_shallow<'b>(&mut self, ty: &'b Ty) -> Cow<'b, Ty> {
self.table.resolve_ty_shallow(ty)
}
fn resolve_associated_type(&mut self, inner_ty: Ty, assoc_ty: Option<TypeAliasId>) -> Ty {
self.resolve_associated_type_with_params(inner_ty, assoc_ty, &[])
}
fn resolve_associated_type_with_params(
&mut self,
inner_ty: Ty,
assoc_ty: Option<TypeAliasId>,
params: &[Ty],
) -> Ty {
match assoc_ty {
Some(res_assoc_ty) => {
// FIXME:
// Check if inner_ty is is `impl Trait` and contained input TypeAlias id
// this is a workaround while Chalk assoc type projection doesn't always work yet,
// but once that is fixed I don't think we should keep this
// (we'll probably change how associated types are resolved anyway)
if let Ty::Opaque(ref predicates) = inner_ty {
for p in predicates.iter() {
if let GenericPredicate::Projection(projection) = p {
if projection.projection_ty.associated_ty == res_assoc_ty {
if let ty_app!(_, params) = &projection.ty {
if params.len() == 0 {
return projection.ty.clone();
}
}
}
}
}
}
let ty = self.table.new_type_var();
let builder = Substs::build_for_def(self.db, res_assoc_ty)
.push(inner_ty)
.fill(params.iter().cloned());
let projection = ProjectionPredicate {
ty: ty.clone(),
projection_ty: ProjectionTy {
associated_ty: res_assoc_ty,
parameters: builder.build(),
},
};
self.obligations.push(Obligation::Projection(projection));
self.resolve_ty_as_possible(ty)
}
None => Ty::Unknown,
}
}
/// Recurses through the given type, normalizing associated types mentioned
/// in it by replacing them by type variables and registering obligations to
/// resolve later. This should be done once for every type we get from some
/// type annotation (e.g. from a let type annotation, field type or function
/// call). `make_ty` handles this already, but e.g. for field types we need
/// to do it as well.
fn normalize_associated_types_in(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
let ty = self.resolve_ty_as_possible(ty);
ty.fold(&mut |ty| match ty {
Ty::Projection(proj_ty) => self.normalize_projection_ty(proj_ty),
_ => ty,
})
}
fn normalize_projection_ty(&mut self, proj_ty: ProjectionTy) -> Ty {
let var = self.table.new_type_var();
let predicate = ProjectionPredicate { projection_ty: proj_ty, ty: var.clone() };
let obligation = Obligation::Projection(predicate);
self.obligations.push(obligation);
var
}
fn resolve_variant(&mut self, path: Option<&Path>) -> (Ty, Option<VariantId>) {
let path = match path {
Some(path) => path,
None => return (Ty::Unknown, None),
};
let resolver = &self.resolver;
let ctx = crate::lower::TyLoweringContext::new(self.db, &self.resolver);
// FIXME: this should resolve assoc items as well, see this example:
// https://play.rust-lang.org/?gist=087992e9e22495446c01c0d4e2d69521
match resolver.resolve_path_in_type_ns_fully(self.db, path.mod_path()) {
Some(TypeNs::AdtId(AdtId::StructId(strukt))) => {
let substs = Ty::substs_from_path(&ctx, path, strukt.into());
let ty = self.db.ty(strukt.into());
let ty = self.insert_type_vars(ty.subst(&substs));
(ty, Some(strukt.into()))
}
Some(TypeNs::EnumVariantId(var)) => {
let substs = Ty::substs_from_path(&ctx, path, var.into());
let ty = self.db.ty(var.parent.into());
let ty = self.insert_type_vars(ty.subst(&substs));
(ty, Some(var.into()))
}
Some(_) | None => (Ty::Unknown, None),
}
}
fn collect_const(&mut self, data: &ConstData) {
self.return_ty = self.make_ty(&data.type_ref);
}
fn collect_fn(&mut self, data: &FunctionData) {
let body = Arc::clone(&self.body); // avoid borrow checker problem
for (type_ref, pat) in data.params.iter().zip(body.params.iter()) {
let ty = self.make_ty_with_mode(type_ref, ImplTraitLoweringMode::Param);
self.infer_pat(*pat, &ty, BindingMode::default());
}
let return_ty = self.make_ty_with_mode(&data.ret_type, ImplTraitLoweringMode::Variable);
self.return_ty = self.insert_vars_for_impl_trait(return_ty);
}
fn infer_body(&mut self) {
self.infer_expr_coerce(self.body.body_expr, &Expectation::has_type(self.return_ty.clone()));
}
fn resolve_lang_item(&self, name: &str) -> Option<LangItemTarget> {
let krate = self.resolver.krate()?;
let name = SmolStr::new_inline_from_ascii(name.len(), name.as_bytes());
self.db.lang_item(krate, name)
}
fn resolve_into_iter_item(&self) -> Option<TypeAliasId> {
let path = path![std::iter::IntoIterator];
let trait_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_trait(self.db, &path)?;
self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Item])
}
fn resolve_ops_try_ok(&self) -> Option<TypeAliasId> {
let path = path![std::ops::Try];
let trait_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_trait(self.db, &path)?;
self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Ok])
}
fn resolve_ops_neg_output(&self) -> Option<TypeAliasId> {
let trait_ = self.resolve_lang_item("neg")?.as_trait()?;
self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Output])
}
fn resolve_ops_not_output(&self) -> Option<TypeAliasId> {
let trait_ = self.resolve_lang_item("not")?.as_trait()?;
self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Output])
}
fn resolve_future_future_output(&self) -> Option<TypeAliasId> {
let trait_ = self.resolve_lang_item("future_trait")?.as_trait()?;
self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Output])
}
fn resolve_boxed_box(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let struct_ = self.resolve_lang_item("owned_box")?.as_struct()?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_range_full(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let path = path![std::ops::RangeFull];
let struct_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_struct(self.db, &path)?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_range(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let path = path![std::ops::Range];
let struct_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_struct(self.db, &path)?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_range_inclusive(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let path = path![std::ops::RangeInclusive];
let struct_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_struct(self.db, &path)?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_range_from(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let path = path![std::ops::RangeFrom];
let struct_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_struct(self.db, &path)?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_range_to(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let path = path![std::ops::RangeTo];
let struct_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_struct(self.db, &path)?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_range_to_inclusive(&self) -> Option<AdtId> {
let path = path![std::ops::RangeToInclusive];
let struct_ = self.resolver.resolve_known_struct(self.db, &path)?;
Some(struct_.into())
}
fn resolve_ops_index_output(&self) -> Option<TypeAliasId> {
let trait_ = self.resolve_lang_item("index")?.as_trait()?;
self.db.trait_data(trait_).associated_type_by_name(&name![Output])
}
}
/// The kinds of placeholders we need during type inference. There's separate
/// values for general types, and for integer and float variables. The latter
/// two are used for inference of literal values (e.g. `100` could be one of
/// several integer types).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
pub enum InferTy {
TypeVar(unify::TypeVarId),
IntVar(unify::TypeVarId),
FloatVar(unify::TypeVarId),
MaybeNeverTypeVar(unify::TypeVarId),
}
impl InferTy {
fn to_inner(self) -> unify::TypeVarId {
match self {
InferTy::TypeVar(ty)
| InferTy::IntVar(ty)
| InferTy::FloatVar(ty)
| InferTy::MaybeNeverTypeVar(ty) => ty,
}
}
fn fallback_value(self) -> Ty {
match self {
InferTy::TypeVar(..) => Ty::Unknown,
InferTy::IntVar(..) => Ty::simple(TypeCtor::Int(Uncertain::Known(IntTy::i32()))),
InferTy::FloatVar(..) => Ty::simple(TypeCtor::Float(Uncertain::Known(FloatTy::f64()))),
InferTy::MaybeNeverTypeVar(..) => Ty::simple(TypeCtor::Never),
}
}
}
/// When inferring an expression, we propagate downward whatever type hint we
/// are able in the form of an `Expectation`.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
struct Expectation {
ty: Ty,
// FIXME: In some cases, we need to be aware whether the expectation is that
// the type match exactly what we passed, or whether it just needs to be
// coercible to the expected type. See Expectation::rvalue_hint in rustc.
}
impl Expectation {
/// The expectation that the type of the expression needs to equal the given
/// type.
fn has_type(ty: Ty) -> Self {
Expectation { ty }
}
/// This expresses no expectation on the type.
fn none() -> Self {
Expectation { ty: Ty::Unknown }
}
}
mod diagnostics {
use hir_def::{expr::ExprId, src::HasSource, FunctionId, Lookup};
use hir_expand::diagnostics::DiagnosticSink;
use crate::{db::HirDatabase, diagnostics::NoSuchField};
#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
pub(super) enum InferenceDiagnostic {
NoSuchField { expr: ExprId, field: usize },
}
impl InferenceDiagnostic {
pub(super) fn add_to(
&self,
db: &impl HirDatabase,
owner: FunctionId,
sink: &mut DiagnosticSink,
) {
match self {
InferenceDiagnostic::NoSuchField { expr, field } => {
let file = owner.lookup(db).source(db).file_id;
let (_, source_map) = db.body_with_source_map(owner.into());
let field = source_map.field_syntax(*expr, *field);
sink.push(NoSuchField { file, field })
}
}
}
}
}
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