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37 Rapid Refactoring With Vim 37 Rapid Refactoring With Vim
38 </h1> 38 </h1>
39 <div class="post-text"> 39 <div class="post-text">
40 <p>Last weekend, I was tasked with refactoring the 96 unit 40 <!DOCTYPE html>
41tests on 41<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
42<a href="https://github.com/ruma/ruma-events/pull/70">ruma-events</a> 42<head>
43to use strictly typed json objects using <code>serde_json::json!</code> 43 <meta charset="utf-8" />
44instead of raw strings. It was rather painless thanks to 44 <meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
45vim :)</p> 45 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" />
46 46 <title>rapid_refactoring_with_vim</title>
47<p>Here&#39;s a small sample of what had to be done (note the lines 47 <style>
48prefixed with the arrow):</p> 48 code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
49 49 span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
50<pre><code>→ use serde_json::{from_str}; 50 span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
51 51 div.column{display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%;}
52 #[test] 52 div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
53 fn deserialize() { 53 ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
54 assert_eq!( 54 pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre; position: relative; }
55→ from_str::&#60;Action&#62;(r#&#34;{&#34;set_tweak&#34;: &#34;highlight&#34;}&#34;#), 55 pre > code.sourceCode > span { display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25; }
56 Action::SetTweak(Tweak::Highlight { value: true }) 56 pre > code.sourceCode > span:empty { height: 1.2em; }
57 ); 57 code.sourceCode > span { color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
58 } 58 div.sourceCode { margin: 1em 0; }
59</code></pre> 59 pre.sourceCode { margin: 0; }
60 60 @media screen {
61 div.sourceCode { overflow: auto; }
62 }
63 @media print {
64 pre > code.sourceCode { white-space: pre-wrap; }
65 pre > code.sourceCode > span { text-indent: -5em; padding-left: 5em; }
66 }
67 pre.numberSource code
68 { counter-reset: source-line 0; }
69 pre.numberSource code > span
70 { position: relative; left: -4em; counter-increment: source-line; }
71 pre.numberSource code > span > a:first-child::before
72 { content: counter(source-line);
73 position: relative; left: -1em; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;
74 border: none; display: inline-block;
75 -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-user-select: none;
76 -khtml-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none;
77 -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none;
78 padding: 0 4px; width: 4em;
79 }
80 pre.numberSource { margin-left: 3em; padding-left: 4px; }
81 div.sourceCode
82 { }
83 @media screen {
84 pre > code.sourceCode > span > a:first-child::before { text-decoration: underline; }
85 }
86 code span.al { font-weight: bold; } /* Alert */
87 code span.an { font-style: italic; } /* Annotation */
88 code span.cf { font-weight: bold; } /* ControlFlow */
89 code span.co { font-style: italic; } /* Comment */
90 code span.cv { font-style: italic; } /* CommentVar */
91 code span.do { font-style: italic; } /* Documentation */
92 code span.dt { text-decoration: underline; } /* DataType */
93 code span.er { font-weight: bold; } /* Error */
94 code span.in { font-style: italic; } /* Information */
95 code span.kw { font-weight: bold; } /* Keyword */
96 code span.pp { font-weight: bold; } /* Preprocessor */
97 code span.wa { font-style: italic; } /* Warning */
98 </style>
99 <!--[if lt IE 9]>
100 <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js"></script>
101 <![endif]-->
102</head>
103<body>
104<p>Last weekend, I was tasked with refactoring the 96 unit tests on <a href="https://github.com/ruma/ruma-events/pull/70">ruma-events</a> to use strictly typed json objects using <code>serde_json::json!</code> instead of raw strings. It was rather painless thanks to vim :)</p>
105<p>Here’s a small sample of what had to be done (note the lines prefixed with the arrow):</p>
106<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode rust"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1"></a>→ <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="pp">serde_json::</span><span class="op">{</span>from_str<span class="op">};</span></span>
107<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2"></a> </span>
108<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3"></a> <span class="at">#[</span>test<span class="at">]</span></span>
109<span id="cb1-4"><a href="#cb1-4"></a> <span class="kw">fn</span> deserialize() <span class="op">{</span></span>
110<span id="cb1-5"><a href="#cb1-5"></a> <span class="pp">assert_eq!</span>(</span>
111<span id="cb1-6"><a href="#cb1-6"></a>→ <span class="pp">from_str::</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>Action<span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="st">r#&quot;{&quot;set_tweak&quot;: &quot;highlight&quot;}&quot;#</span>)<span class="op">,</span></span>
112<span id="cb1-7"><a href="#cb1-7"></a> <span class="pp">Action::</span>SetTweak(<span class="pp">Tweak::</span>Highlight <span class="op">{</span> value<span class="op">:</span> <span class="cn">true</span> <span class="op">}</span>)</span>
113<span id="cb1-8"><a href="#cb1-8"></a> )<span class="op">;</span></span>
114<span id="cb1-9"><a href="#cb1-9"></a> <span class="op">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
61<p>had to be converted to:</p> 115<p>had to be converted to:</p>
62 116<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode rust"><code class="sourceCode rust"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1"></a>→ <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="pp">serde_json::</span><span class="op">{</span>from_value<span class="op">};</span></span>
63<pre><code>→ use serde_json::{from_value}; 117<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2"></a> </span>
64 118<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3"></a> <span class="at">#[</span>test<span class="at">]</span></span>
65 #[test] 119<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4"></a> <span class="kw">fn</span> deserialize() <span class="op">{</span></span>
66 fn deserialize() { 120<span id="cb2-5"><a href="#cb2-5"></a> <span class="pp">assert_eq!</span>(</span>
67 assert_eq!( 121<span id="cb2-6"><a href="#cb2-6"></a>→ <span class="pp">from_value::</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>Action<span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="pp">json!</span>(<span class="op">{</span><span class="st">&quot;set_tweak&quot;</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="st">&quot;highlight&quot;</span><span class="op">}</span>))<span class="op">,</span></span>
68→ from_value::&#60;Action&#62;(json!({&#34;set_tweak&#34;: &#34;highlight&#34;})), 122<span id="cb2-7"><a href="#cb2-7"></a> <span class="pp">Action::</span>SetTweak(<span class="pp">Tweak::</span>Highlight <span class="op">{</span> value<span class="op">:</span> <span class="cn">true</span> <span class="op">}</span>)</span>
69 Action::SetTweak(Tweak::Highlight { value: true }) 123<span id="cb2-8"><a href="#cb2-8"></a> )<span class="op">;</span></span>
70 ); 124<span id="cb2-9"><a href="#cb2-9"></a> <span class="op">}</span></span></code></pre></div>
71 } 125<h3 id="the-arglist">The arglist</h3>
72</code></pre> 126<p>For the initial pass, I decided to handle imports, this was a simple find and replace operation, done to all the files containing tests. Luckily, modules (and therefore files) containing tests in Rust are annotated with the <code>#[cfg(test)]</code> attribute. I opened all such files:</p>
73 127<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb3-1"><a href="#cb3-1"></a><span class="co"># `grep -l pattern files` lists all the files</span></span>
74<h3 id="The%20arglist">The arglist</h3> 128<span id="cb3-2"><a href="#cb3-2"></a><span class="co"># matching the pattern</span></span>
75 129<span id="cb3-3"><a href="#cb3-3"></a></span>
76<p>For the initial pass, I decided to handle imports, this was 130<span id="cb3-4"><a href="#cb3-4"></a><span class="ex">vim</span> <span class="va">$(</span><span class="fu">grep</span> -l <span class="st">&#39;cfg\(test\)&#39;</span> ./**/*.rs<span class="va">)</span></span>
77a simple find and replace operation, done to all the files 131<span id="cb3-5"><a href="#cb3-5"></a></span>
78containing tests. Luckily, modules (and therefore files) 132<span id="cb3-6"><a href="#cb3-6"></a><span class="co"># expands to something like:</span></span>
79containing tests in Rust are annotated with the 133<span id="cb3-7"><a href="#cb3-7"></a><span class="ex">vim</span> push_rules.rs room/member.rs key/verification/lib.rs</span></code></pre></div>
80<code>#[cfg(test)]</code> attribute. I opened all such files:</p> 134<p>Starting vim with more than one file at the shell prompt populates the arglist. Hit <code>:args</code> to see the list of files currently ready to edit. The square [brackets] indicate the current file. Navigate through the arglist with <code>:next</code> and <code>:prev</code>. I use tpope’s vim-unimpaired <a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a>, which adds <code>]a</code> and <code>[a</code>, mapped to <code>:next</code> and <code>:prev</code>.</p>
81 135<p>All that’s left to do is the find and replace, for which we will be using vim’s <code>argdo</code>, applying a substitution to every file in the arglist:</p>
82<pre><code># `grep -l pattern files` lists all the files 136<pre><code>:argdo s/from_str/from_value/g</code></pre>
83# matching the pattern 137<h3 id="the-quickfix-list">The quickfix list</h3>
84 138<p>Next up, replacing <code>r#" ... "#</code> with <code>json!( ... )</code>. I couldn’t search and replace that trivially, so I went with a macro call <a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref"><sup>2</sup></a> instead, starting with the cursor on ‘r’, represented by the caret, in my attempt to breakdown the process:</p>
85vim $(grep -l &#39;cfg\(test\)&#39; .&#47;**&#47;*.rs) 139<pre><code>BUFFER: r#&quot; ... &quot;#;
86
87# expands to something like:
88vim push_rules.rs room&#47;member.rs key&#47;verification&#47;lib.rs
89</code></pre>
90
91<p>Starting vim with more than one file at the shell prompt
92populates the arglist. Hit <code>:args</code> to see the list of
93files currently ready to edit. The square [brackets]
94indicate the current file. Navigate through the arglist
95with <code>:next</code> and <code>:prev</code>. I use tpope&#39;s vim-unimpaired
96<sup id="fnref1"><a href="#fn1" rel="footnote">1</a></sup>, which adds <code>]a</code> and <code>[a</code>, mapped to <code>:next</code> and
97<code>:prev</code>.</p>
98
99<p>All that&#39;s left to do is the find and replace, for which we
100will be using vim&#39;s <code>argdo</code>, applying a substitution to
101every file in the arglist:</p>
102
103<pre><code>:argdo s&#47;from_str&#47;from_value&#47;g
104</code></pre>
105
106<h3 id="The%20quickfix%20list">The quickfix list</h3>
107
108<p>Next up, replacing <code>r#&#34; ... &#34;#</code> with <code>json!( ... )</code>. I
109couldn&#39;t search and replace that trivially, so I went with a
110macro call <sup id="fnref2"><a href="#fn2" rel="footnote">2</a></sup> instead, starting with the cursor on
111&#8216;r&#8217;, represented by the caret, in my attempt to breakdown
112the process:</p>
113
114<pre><code>BUFFER: r#&#34; ... &#34;#;
115 ^ 140 ^
116 141
117ACTION: vllsjson!( 142ACTION: vllsjson!(
118 143
119BUFFER json!( ... &#34;#; 144BUFFER json!( ... &quot;#;
120 ^ 145 ^
121 146
122ACTION: &#60;esc&#62;$F# 147ACTION: &lt;esc&gt;$F#
123 148
124BUFFER: json!( ... &#34;#; 149BUFFER: json!( ... &quot;#;
125 ^ 150 ^
126 151
127ACTION: vhs)&#60;esc&#62; 152ACTION: vhs)&lt;esc&gt;
128
129BUFFER: json!( ... );
130</code></pre>
131
132<p>Here&#39;s the recorded <sup id="fnref3"><a href="#fn3" rel="footnote">3</a></sup> macro in all its glory:
133<code>vllsjson!(&#60;esc&#62;$F#vhs)&#60;esc&#62;</code>. </p>
134
135<p>Great! So now we just go ahead, find every occurrence of
136<code>r#</code> and apply the macro right? Unfortunately, there were
137more than a few occurrences of raw strings that had to stay
138raw strings. Enter, the quickfix list.</p>
139
140<p>The idea behind the quickfix list is to jump from one
141position in a file to another (maybe in a different file),
142much like how the arglist lets you jump from one file to
143another.</p>
144
145<p>One of the easiest ways to populate this list with a bunch
146of positions is to use <code>vimgrep</code>:</p>
147 153
154BUFFER: json!( ... );</code></pre>
155<p>Here’s the recorded <a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref"><sup>3</sup></a> macro in all its glory: <code>vllsjson!(&lt;esc&gt;$F#vhs)&lt;esc&gt;</code>.</p>
156<p>Great! So now we just go ahead, find every occurrence of <code>r#</code> and apply the macro right? Unfortunately, there were more than a few occurrences of raw strings that had to stay raw strings. Enter, the quickfix list.</p>
157<p>The idea behind the quickfix list is to jump from one position in a file to another (maybe in a different file), much like how the arglist lets you jump from one file to another.</p>
158<p>One of the easiest ways to populate this list with a bunch of positions is to use <code>vimgrep</code>:</p>
148<pre><code># basic usage 159<pre><code># basic usage
149:vimgrep pattern files 160:vimgrep pattern files
150 161
151# search for raw strings 162# search for raw strings
152:vimgrep &#39;r#&#39; .&#47;**&#47;*.rs 163:vimgrep &#39;r#&#39; ./**/*.rs</code></pre>
153</code></pre> 164<p>Like <code>:next</code> and <code>:prev</code>, you can navigate the quickfix list with <code>:cnext</code> and <code>:cprev</code>. Every time you move up or down the list, vim indicates your index:</p>
154 165<pre><code>(1 of 131): r#&quot;{&quot;set_tweak&quot;: &quot;highlight&quot;}&quot;#;</code></pre>
155<p>Like <code>:next</code> and <code>:prev</code>, you can navigate the quickfix list 166<p>And just like <code>argdo</code>, you can <code>cdo</code> to apply commands to <em>every</em> match in the quickfix list:</p>
156with <code>:cnext</code> and <code>:cprev</code>. Every time you move up or down 167<pre><code>:cdo norm! @q</code></pre>
157the list, vim indicates your index:</p> 168<p>But, I had to manually pick out matches, and it involved some button mashing.</p>
158 169<h3 id="external-filtering">External Filtering</h3>
159<pre><code>(1 of 131): r#&#34;{&#34;set_tweak&#34;: &#34;highlight&#34;}&#34;#; 170<p>Some code reviews later, I was asked to format all the json inside the <code>json!</code> macro. All you have to do is pass a visual selection through a pretty json printer. Select the range to be formatted in visual mode, and hit <code>:</code>, you will notice the command line displaying what seems to be gibberish:</p>
160</code></pre> 171<pre><code>:&#39;&lt;,&#39;&gt;</code></pre>
161 172<p><code>'&lt;</code> and <code>'&gt;</code> are <em>marks</em> <a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref"><sup>4</sup></a>. More specifically, they are marks that vim sets automatically every time you make a visual selection, denoting the start and end of the selection.</p>
162<p>And just like <code>argdo</code>, you can <code>cdo</code> to apply commands to
163<em>every</em> match in the quickfix list:</p>
164
165<pre><code>:cdo norm! @q
166</code></pre>
167
168<p>But, I had to manually pick out matches, and it involved
169some button mashing.</p>
170
171<h3 id="External%20Filtering">External Filtering</h3>
172
173<p>Some code reviews later, I was asked to format all the json
174inside the <code>json!</code> macro. All you have to do is pass a
175visual selection through a pretty json printer. Select the
176range to be formatted in visual mode, and hit <code>:</code>, you will
177notice the command line displaying what seems to be
178gibberish:</p>
179
180<pre><code>:&#39;&#60;,&#39;&#62;
181</code></pre>
182
183<p><code>&#39;&#60;</code> and <code>&#39;&#62;</code> are <em>marks</em> <sup id="fnref4"><a href="#fn4" rel="footnote">4</a></sup>. More
184specifically, they are marks that vim sets automatically
185every time you make a visual selection, denoting the start
186and end of the selection.</p>
187
188<p>A range is one or more line specifiers separated by a <code>,</code>:</p> 173<p>A range is one or more line specifiers separated by a <code>,</code>:</p>
189
190<pre><code>:1,7 lines 1 through 7 174<pre><code>:1,7 lines 1 through 7
191:32 just line 32 175:32 just line 32
192:. the current line 176:. the current line
193:.,$ the current line to the last line 177:.,$ the current line to the last line
194:&#39;a,&#39;b mark &#39;a&#39; to mark &#39;b&#39; 178:&#39;a,&#39;b mark &#39;a&#39; to mark &#39;b&#39;</code></pre>
195</code></pre> 179<p>Most <code>:</code> commands can be prefixed by ranges. <code>:help usr_10.txt</code> for more on that.</p>
196 180<p>Alright, lets pass json through <code>python -m json.tool</code>, a json formatter that accepts <code>stdin</code> (note the use of <code>!</code> to make use of an external program):</p>
197<p>Most <code>:</code> commands can be prefixed by ranges. <code>:help 181<pre><code>:&#39;&lt;,&#39;&gt;!python -m json.tool</code></pre>
198usr_10.txt</code> for more on that.</p> 182<p>Unfortunately that didn’t quite work for me because the range included some non-json text as well, a mix of regex and macros helped fix that. I think you get the drift.</p>
199 183<p>Another fun filter I use from time to time is <code>:!sort</code>, to sort css attributes, or <code>:!uniq</code> to remove repeated imports.</p>
200<p>Alright, lets pass json through <code>python -m json.tool</code>, a 184<section class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
201json formatter that accepts <code>stdin</code> (note the use of <code>!</code> to 185<hr />
202make use of an external program):</p>
203
204<pre><code>:&#39;&#60;,&#39;&#62;!python -m json.tool
205</code></pre>
206
207<p>Unfortunately that didn&#39;t quite work for me because the
208range included some non-json text as well, a mix of regex
209and macros helped fix that. I think you get the drift.</p>
210
211<p>Another fun filter I use from time to time is <code>:!sort</code>, to
212sort css attributes, or <code>:!uniq</code> to remove repeated imports.</p>
213
214<div class="footnotes">
215<hr/>
216<ol> 186<ol>
217 187<li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote"><p>https://github.com/tpope/vim-unimpaired It also handles various other mappings, <code>]q</code> and <code>[q</code> to navigate the quickfix list for example<a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
218<li id="fn1"> 188<li id="fn2" role="doc-endnote"><p><code>:help recording</code><a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
219<p><a href="https://github.com/tpope/vim-unimpaired">https:&#47;&#47;github.com&#47;tpope&#47;vim-unimpaired</a> 189<li id="fn3" role="doc-endnote"><p>When I’m recording a macro, I prefer starting out by storing it in register <code>q</code>, and then copying it over to another register if it works as intended. I think of <code>qq</code> as ‘quick record’.<a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
220It also handles various other mappings, <code>]q</code> and <code>[q</code> to 190<li id="fn4" role="doc-endnote"><p><code>:help mark-motions</code><a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
221navigate the quickfix list for example&#160;<a href="#fnref1" rev="footnote">&#8617;</a></p>
222</li>
223
224<li id="fn2">
225<p><code>:help recording</code>&#160;<a href="#fnref2" rev="footnote">&#8617;</a></p>
226</li>
227
228<li id="fn3">
229<p>When I&#39;m recording a macro, I prefer starting out by
230storing it in register <code>q</code>, and then copying it over to
231another register if it works as intended. I think of <code>qq</code> as
232&#8216;quick record&#8217;.&#160;<a href="#fnref3" rev="footnote">&#8617;</a></p>
233</li>
234
235<li id="fn4">
236<p><code>:help mark-motions</code>&#160;<a href="#fnref4" rev="footnote">&#8617;</a></p>
237</li>
238
239</ol> 191</ol>
240</div> 192</section>
193</body>
194</html>
241 195
242 </div> 196 </div>
243 197
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